历届大副阅读理解题汇集25--48 NEW(9)

A．the importance of proper radar use C．the proper fitting of anchor light collision

B．the importance of proper lookout

D．the proper assessment of the risk of

72．Which of the following actions is NOT right according to the author? A．To observe the COLREGS lookout

C．To use radar all the time instead of lookout D．To avoid anchoring in the shipping lane 第二组：

Reballasting at sea, as recommended by the IMO guidelines, currently provides

B．To use radar properly in addition to

the best-available measure to reduce the risk of transfer of harmful aquatic organisms(水生物), but is subject to serious ship-safety limits. Even when it can be fully implemented, this technique is less than 100% effective in removing organisms from ballast water. Some parties even suggest that reballasting at sea may itself contribute to the wider dispersal of harmful species, and that island states located ?down-stream? of mid-ocean reballasting areas may be at particular risk from this practice.

It is therefore extremely important that alternative, effective ballast water

management and/or treatment methods are developed as soon as possible, to replace reballasting at sea. Options being considered include: Mechanical treatment methods such as filtration and separation; Physical treatment methods such as electric currents and heat treatment; Chemical treatment methods such adding biocides(杀生物剂)to ballast water to kill organisms, and various combinations of the above.

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All of these possibilities currently require significant further research effort. Major barriers still exist in scaling these various technologies up to deal effectively with the huge quantities of ballast water carried by large ships. Treatment options must not interfere unduly with the safe and economical operation of the ship and must consider ship design limitations，and any control measure that is developed must meet a number of criteria. 73．What does the passage imply?

A．Reballasting at sea is not always advisable

B．Some alternatives may affect safety operations of the ship

C．It is difficult to develop a more effective way other than reballasting for large ships currently

D．All of the above

74．The main risk of ballast water according to the passage is that ______.

A．it may kill all other species in the oceans other than the organisms themselves B．the disposal of ballast water may kill all other species in the oceans C．The quantity of ballast water to be disposed of is huge D．it may endanger other species in the oceans

75．According to your knowledge,which could be the best alternative to handle

ballast water with least environmental effects upon the oceans?

A．filtrating and separating B．using biocides C．reballasting D．all of a, b and c

76．What does the author suggest as the best alternative to handle ballast water?

A．Mechanical treatment methods B．Physical treatment method

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C．Chemical treatment methods D．Not mentioned

42902 （10月18日点评）

第一组：

Prohibited weapons most commonly find their way onto a ship by being carried on board by embarking personnel. Here follows some examples of security measures to take at different security levels. For SECURITY Level 1, the reason for personnel seeking access to the vessel should be verified by checking tickets, boarding passes, work orders or ID cards. Crewmembers, passengers, vendors, dock-workers and authorized visitors should be positively identified prior to each embarkation. New crewmembers should be cross-referenced with company on-signers information. Body searches and the inspection of baggage for prohibited weapons, incendiaries and explosives should be carried out on a random basis. For SECURITY Level 2, the same measures should be done as defined above, but with an increased inspection frequency on embarking persons, and for SECURITY Level 3, in addition to the measures set up in SECURITY Level 2, all embarking persons must be inspected and all persons except crew members must be escorted when onboard.

72.Body searches and the inspection of baggage for prohibited weapons, incendiaries and explosives should be carried out on a random basis.

A. cashes B. Flammable agents C. Wine and beers D. Bonded store articles

73. For the measures to be taken in SECURITY Level 2, the following are all correct EXCEPT ______.

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A. Increasing the inspection frequency on embarking persons B. Verifying the reason for personnel seeking access to the vessel

C. Inspecting all embarking persons and escorting all persons when onboard D. Carrying out body searches and the inspection of baggage on a random basis 74. For the measures to be taken in SECURITY Level 1, ______.

A. New crewmembers should be checked with the company? on-signers information

B. The reason for personnel seeking access to the vessel should be verified sometimes

C. Crewmembers, passengers, vendors, dock-workers and authorized visitors should be positively identified on a random basis prior to each embarkation D. Body searches and the inspection of baggage for prohibited weapons, incendiaries and explosives should be always carried out 75. Which of the best title for the passage?

A. Increasing the level of security watch B. The ways of keeping your ship safer

C. The importance of security measures D. The security measures 第二组：（10月21日点评）

Since condensation will cause steel products to rust, the temperature of the steel at the time of loading together with the anticipated climatic conditions during the voyage must be carefully considered. At sea, wet and dry bulb ambient temperatures should be taken and compared regularly with hold temperatures as a matter of routine to gauge whether ventilation is necessary. If a falling ambient temperature causes the

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temperature of the ship's structure to drop below the dewpoint of the air in the hold , condensation will form on the hold frames and plating. These accumulations, known as ?ship's sweat?, may subsequently drip or run on to the cargo. By monitoring both hold and ambient temperatures this situation can be predicted, and the development of ship's sweat may be prevented or minimized by timely ventilation.

Should the steel be loaded in conditions where the ambient temperature is lower than might be encountered later on in the voyage, the hold should not be ventilated. If the cargo is exposed to warmer air having a dewpoint higher than the temperature of the steel, ?cargo sweat?will form on the surface of the goods. Since much, if not all, of the steel in the hold will be affected in such circumstances, the consequences of cargo sweat are potentially more damaging than the effects of ship's sweat. 73. CARGO SWEAT will form when ______.

A. the steel in cargo hold is exposed to warmer air having a dewpoint higher than its temperature

B. the steel in cargo hold is exposed to cooler air having a dewpoint lower than its temperature

C. falling ambient temperature causes the temperature of the ship's structure to drop below the dewpoint of the air in the hold

D. increasing ambient temperature causes the temperature of the ship's structure to go higher than the dewpoint of the air in the hold

74. Ventilation is not necessary should the steel be loaded in conditions where the ambient temperature is ______ later on in the voyage.

A. higher than might be encountered B. lower than might be encountered

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