12专题十二特殊句式(3)

My mother didn’t go to bed last night until I came home.→It wasn’t until I came home that my mother went to bed last night.昨晚直到我回家妈妈才睡觉。 3 口语中，who, that有时省略，如：

It was David drove Mr. Smith yesterday, wasn’t it? 昨天是David给Smith先生开车的，对吧？ What was it you want me to do? 你要我做的是什么？ 4 有些否定句中可用强调句。如：

I did not have an opportunity of seeing her again for several years. →It wasn’t for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing her again.好几年我都没有机会再见到他。

5 问句也可用强调句。如：

How did you forget to lock the door? →How was it that you forgot to lock the door?你怎么忘了锁门？

倒装句

一、 概述

在英语中，如果把谓语动词放在主语之前，叫做倒装句。如果整个谓语部分全放在主语之前就是全部倒装，如：In came the teacher and the class began.教师走了进来，然后开始上课。There goes the bus.公交车走了。如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语前则为部分倒装，如：Never have I read such an instructive novel.我从没读过这么一部有教育意义的小说。

二、 倒装句中的注意要点

1 当here, there, now或out, in, up, down, away等副词置于句首时，如主语是名

词，则全部倒装；如主语是代词，则不倒装。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。

Now comes your turn.现在该轮到你了。 Out rush the children.孩子们冲出来了。 比较：Out they rush.他们冲出来了。

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Away went the lady. 那位女士走了。 比较：Away she went.她走了。

2 为强调地点或当一个句子没有宾语而主语又较长时，可将作状语或表语的介

词短语置于句首，同时把谓语放到主语前，全部倒装。 In front of our school is a garden. 我们学校前有一个花园。

Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer.那棵大树底下坐着一位老农。 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.小山脚下有一个美丽的湖。

3 省略if的条件状语从句中，要把were, had, should提至句首，构成部分倒装。

Were I Mary, I would refuse.如果我是Mary，我会拒绝。 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 如果你处在我的地位，你也会这样做的。

Had we got there earlier, we would have caught the train. 要是我们到的早一点，我们就赶上火车了。

Should I be told to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 如果让我做这项工作，我会用不同的方法做。

4 so, neither, nor 置于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物时，

用部分倒装。

If you don’t take the train, neither shall I.你不坐火车，我也不坐。 ---I stayed up late last night because I had to finish the homework. ---So did I.

---昨天我熬夜很晚因为必须写作业。 ---我也是（熬夜很晚）。 ---I don’t like football. ---Nor do I.

---我不喜欢足球。 ---我也是。

Nor will I deny that.我也不会否认这一点。

但如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思， so置于句首则不需倒装。 ---There is a fly in your coffee. ---So there is.

---你咖啡里有一只苍蝇。---真有一只。 ---Look, your wife has just come in.

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---So she has.

---瞧，你的妻子刚刚进来。---不错，是她。

5 在as, though引导的让步状语从句，可变为“形容词/副词/名词或动词原形置

于句首+as/though +be/情态动词”，部分倒装。

Intelligent as/though he was, he is modest.尽管他很聪明，但很谦虚。 Short as she is, she can jump high. 她虽然个子矮，但能跳很高。 Hard though he studied, he failed the exam. 他尽管学习努力，但考试仍没通过。

Try as you may, you will never succeed.虽然你可能去尝试，但绝不会成功。 6 only置于句首，并且后面接副词、介词短语或状语从句时，部分倒装。

Only then could the work be seriously begun.只有那时这工作才能真正开始。 Only when I got to the station did I know that I had forgot the ticket at home.只有当我到车站时我才知道把车票落家了。

7 表示否定意义的副词never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, no, not until, not

only（连接并列句）或者so…that句型中so置于句首时，用部分否定。 Never would he know what she had suffered.他绝不会知道她受过的苦。 Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today.我们国家从来没有像今天这样强大。

Seldom have I seen such a beautiful lake.我很少见过这么美丽的湖。 Little does he know what trouble he is in.他对自己所处何种境地茫然无知。 Hardly had he arrived when started complaining. 他刚到她就开始诉苦。 Scarcely had he gone out when it began to rain.他刚出门天就下雨了。 No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.她刚一到达就生病了。 Not until I came back home did my mother go to bed last night. 昨晚直到我回家妈妈才睡觉。

Not only is television boring, but it (also) wastes a lot of time. 电视不仅乏味，而且还浪费许多时间。

So well did David do his homework that he was praised by the teacher in public. David作业做得如此的好以至被老师当众表扬了。

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省略句

一、 概述

人们为了方便而把某些词去掉的句子叫省略句。如：Really？真的吗？Anything else? 还有其它的吗？Glad to see you.见到你很高兴。

二、 省略句中的注意要点

1 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，而且从句中又有助动词be时，可

以把从句中的代词主语和助动词be省略。

While walking on campus, I came across the new teacher. 在校园散步时，我偶然遇见了那位新来的老师。 He will come if (he is) asked.如果叫他来，他就来。

2 在祈使句和其他不易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中经常有省略主语及

助动词的情况。

I’ve Got to go now.（我）得走了。

(Have you) Had your breakfast?吃早饭了吗？ (You) Come in and sit down, please.请进来坐。

3 为避免重复，可省略上下文中出现过的相同的谓语部分或不定式部分。

I apologize to you if I hurt you, but I didn’t mean to. 如果我伤害了你，我向你道歉，但我不是有意的。 4 对话时的省略。

---Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.

--- Did he? That’s his third one in just one month.（2007年浙江卷1题） ---Jack那一天买了一部新手机。---是吗？那是一个月内买的第三部了。 ---They’re going to emigrate to New Zealand. ---Are they?

---他们要移民新西兰。---是吗？

5 并列句中，如果后面的分句和前面分句的词相同可省略。

Some of them were injured, but most of them weren’t. 他们当中有些人受伤了，但大部分人没有。

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One soldier was killed and two others wounded. 有一个士兵被打死，另外两个受了伤。

反义疑问句

一、 概述

前面是一陈述句，后面加一简短问句，叫反义疑问句。前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。如：They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday, did they?他们昨天没打扫教室，是吗？You’re coming, aren’t you?你会来的，不是吗？

二、 反义疑问句中的注意要点

1 如陈述句中主语是名词，问句中主语用代词。

Mary does exercises every morning, doesn’t she? Mary每天早晨晨练，不是吗？ David got up very early yesterday, didn’t he? David昨天起得很早，不是吗？ 2 如陈述句中有助动词/情态动词/be动词，直接用在问句中构成反问；如没有，

要用相应的助动词。

You will be away for long, won’t you?你要走很长时间，对吗？ She went to Shanghai yesterday, didn’t she?她昨天去上海了，不是吗？ 3 如陈述句中含有hardly, seldom, rarely, no, nothing, never, little, few, nobody,

nowhere, barely, neither, too…to等表示否定意意的词时，则当做否定句看；如陈述句中有带有否定词缀的词，则当做肯定句看。 There is little water in the lake, is there?湖里没水了，是吗？

You’ve eaten hardly anything, have you? 你几乎什么东西都没吃，是吗？ She has few friends, does she? 她几乎没有朋友，是吗？ He is unfit for the job, isn’t he?他并不适合他的工作，是吗？ That’s unfair, isn’t it? 那是不公平的，对吗？

4 祈使句的反义疑问句，一般在句尾加will you。Let’s…时，用shall we?；Let

us…时，用will you?

Do me a favorite, will you? 帮帮忙，好吗？ Let’s go there, shall we? 我们去那里，好吗？

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