但愿这不是真的。
We wish we had wings. 我们希望有翅膀。
I wish you had told me earlier. 你早些告诉我就好了。
I wish that someday I would/could live on the moon. 我希望有一天能到月球上居住。 [名师指津]
(1)不管wish用一般现在时还是用一般过去时，它后面所跟宾语从句虚拟语气的三种形式不变。
(2)跟宾语从句时wish与hope的用法不同。wish后的宾语从句总是用虚拟语气，hope后的宾语从句则用陈述语气。
1．选词填空： wish, hope ①I hope you will get better soon. ②How I wish I was there with you. 2．完成句子
③我多么希望现在没下雨啊。 How I wish it weren't_raining_now. ④要是你昨天能打个电话该多好啊。 I wish that you had_called yesterday. ⑤我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空中自由飞翔。
I wish that I_were a bird and could_fly freely in the sky.
表示时间、地点和动作的介词
[语法初识] 原句感知 自主探究 ①During his lifetime, he developed the tradition of combining poetry with painting. ②Between 1933 and 1940, he held several exhibitions in Asia and Europe to promote Chinese art. (1)表示时间的介词有：①句中的③He also used different shades of grey in a creative way during，②句中的between，⑥句中to show the sweat along the horse's body. 的in。 ④Then between 1902 and 1909, he travelled across the country and painted many pictures of scenery. (2)表示地点的介词有：⑤句中的⑤The tiny insect near the cabbage has some red on its near, ⑦句中的in，⑧句中的above。 back. (3)表示动作的介词有：③句中的⑥In 1997, one of his paintings sold for US $503,000. along，④句中的across。 ⑦In the painting, a young woman sits alone and deep in thought. ⑧Her hand holding the fan is elegantly positioned above her knees. [语法剖析]
介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句子中常作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
一、表示时间的介词
常用的时间介词有about, at, on, in, during, for, to, till, until, after, by, before, within等。 1．after, in
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(1)after与表示“某段时间”的词语连用时，句子谓语动词常用过去时；与表示“某一特定时间”的词语连用时，句子动词用过去时、将来时均可。
He received her letter after f our weeks. 四周后，他收到了她的信。
He will arrive home after 3 o'clock. 三点以后他将会回家。 (2)in与一段时间连用，表示“在??(时间)内；在??(一段时间)后”，常与一般过去时、一般将来时或现在完成时连用。
They will arrive in three days' time. 三天后他们将会到达。
He has made a fortune in the last decade. 在过去的十年中他发迹了。 [名师指津]
与将来一段时间连用用in；与将来某个时间点连用用after。 2．for, since
(1)for常跟具体的时间段，表示动作持续若干时间，句子的谓语动词常用完成时。 Jane has been married to Jack for five years. 吉恩与杰克结婚已经5年。
(2)since引导的短语所表示的时间一直延续到说话时为止，通常要与现在完成时连用。 It is/has been three years since I returned from abroad. 我从海外归来三年了。 3．till, until
till/until与延续性动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂性动词连用一般用在否定句中。 We've had very good weather this winter, till now. 今年冬天，直到现在天气都很好。
I didn't start writing until I was in my thirties. 我直到三十多岁才开始写作。 [名师指津]
在句首或强调句型中，一般不用till而用until，且主句要用倒装句式。
It was not until he came back from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry.
直到那一年从非洲回来他才遇到他想结为连理的那位姑娘。 4．by, before
by表示时间时，意为“到??以前，不迟于，到??时(为止)”。before表示时间，意为“在??以前”。
She's been a professional actress by now. 到现在为止，她已是一个专业演员了。 It was a long time before they came back. 过了很长时间他们才回来。 [名师指津]
by短语表示时间时，强调“终止点”，指不迟于这个时间，意为“not later than”；而before短语表示时间时，指不包括此时间，意为“earlier than”。
1－1.选词填空： in, after, till, until
①Please wait here.I'll come back in a few minutes. ②He came back from abroad after two years. ③We'll be able to finish the work in three days. ④We'll come here after five o'clock. ⑤He waited for me till twelve o'clock. ⑥He didn't get up till/until 10 a．m.
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⑦Not until 9 a．m. did Mr Smith come back to school. ⑧It was not until midnight that he came back home. 1－2.单句语法填空
①We haven't_seen (not see) each other for a long time. ②He has_worked (work) here since 1982.
③We have_learned (learn) about 2,500 English words in the last five years. 1－3.翻译句子
①Perhaps she has recovered by now. 到现在她可能痊愈了。
②She came from work before midnight. 午夜以前她下班回来。
③He has built nine companies all over China by the end of last year. 到去年年底为止，他已建立9家公司，遍及全中国。 ④It will not long before she comes. 不久她就会回来的。
二、表示地点的介词
常用的地点介词有at, in, on, to, over, under, below等。 1．in, to, on
in表示在范围之内；to表示在范围之外；on表示与其接壤。 Iran is located to the west of China. 伊朗位于中国西部。
Mongolia lies on the north of China. 蒙古位于中国北部。
2．over, under, above, below
over, above意为“在??的上面”，under, below意为“在??的下面”，其区别在于：over, under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above, below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。
Another grand bridge has been set up over the Yellow River. 又一座大桥跨越黄河建成。 3．between, among
between是指两者之间或两两之间；among是指三者或三者以上之间。 The Niagara falls is between Canada and America. 尼亚加拉大瀑布位于加拿大和美国之间。 The village lies among hills. 这个村庄坐落于群山之间。
2－1.选词填空： in, to, on, between, among ①Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.
②Guangdong Province is on the east of Guangxi. ③Japan is to the east of China.
④The house stands between two farms.
⑤The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers. ⑥The village lies among the three hills.
⑦Xi'an is among the largest industrial cities in China. 2－2.完成句子
①河面上有一座桥。
There is a bridge over_the_river. ②一条小船现在正在桥下。
A little boat is now under_the_bridge.
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③窗户正好在树的上方。
The window is well above_the_tree. ④太阳沉到了地平线(horizon)以下。 The sun sinks below_the_horizon. ⑤雷雨时勿站在树下。
Don't stand under_a_tree_ during a thunderstorm.
三、表示动作的介词
常用动作介词有across, along, into, to, from, over, against, toward(s)等。 1．to, toward(s)
to, toward(s)表示向某个方向移动，用法基本相同，但towards更强调动作特征。 He threw a stone and it fell to the ground. 他抛掉一个石块，石块落到地面上。 She sat with her back towards the window. 她背对着窗户坐着。
2．along, across, through, beyond, over, against along表示“沿着”，指成直线运动；across表示“横穿”，指两条线交叉，在物体表面穿过，through表示在某一空间内部“穿过”，beyond表示“在??的另一边”，“超越”，over表示穿过(街道、开阔的空间等)，指从物体上方“经过”。against表示“倚靠；逆着，相反”，还表示“反对”。
They went through a street and entered a gardon. 我们穿越一条街道，进入一座花园。
Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story. 听到她动人的故事，大家感动得难以用语言表达。 单句改错
①The Smiths have gone towards New York. towards→to ②We're moving to the light.to→towards
③I was driving my car through a muddy path.through→along ④They travelled along the Sahara Desert.along→across
⑤Go across this gate, and you'll see the house on your left.across→through ⑥We walked together beyond Tian'an Men Square. beyond→across
四、表示“除??之外”的几组常用介词 1．besides“除??之外(还有)”。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。 We all went to the cinema besides Shaw. 除了肖外，我们也都去了电影院。
2．except“除去，除??之外(不再有)”。 We all went except John. 我们都去了，约翰没有去。
[名师指津] 在否定句中，两词可以换用。 He has no other hats except/besides this one. 除了这顶帽子他再没有其他的了。 3．except for“除了??”(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that ...意思相同。
He was very clever except for carelessness. 他非常聪明就是有些粗心。
4．except that ...“除了??以外”，that后接从句。
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He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses. 他除了正戴着深色眼镜之外，没有多大改变。
5．but常与不定代词、特殊疑问词和不定式连用。 All but one are here.
除了一位之外都在这儿。 He has no choice but to wait.
＝ He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do，后省to) 除了等待他别无他法。
She can not do but give up trying.
＝ She can not help but give up trying. 她不得不放弃努力。
⑤This suit fits me well except_that the trousers are too long. ⑥The seaside town is beautiful except_when it is windy.
[应用实战]
一、链接高考 介词填空 1．(2015·重庆高考)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃above the average. 2．(2015·陕西高考)The little pupil took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street.
3．(全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race against time to get the project done.Luckily, we made it. 4．(安徽高考)You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be for life. 5．(山东高考)I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy over the past couple of weeks.
6．(全国卷Ⅱ)This shop will be closed for repairs until further notice. 二、针对演练 介词填空
1．The accident is reported to have occurred on the first Sunday in February. 2．Hong Kong is in the south of China, and Macao is to the west of Hong Kong. 3．I can't go home and have a good rest. I'm already behind schedule. 4．He suddenly saw Sue go across the room.He pushed his way through the crowd of people to get to her.
5．He lived in that small village till he went to school. 6．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree. 7．The train leaves at 6：00 pm.So I have to be at the stationby 5：40 pm at the latest. 8．Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath，sank into a chair. 9．As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paidby the hour. 10．The town lies to the west of the river, and a tall building lies on the river.
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