英语听力or阅读材料注释版(3)

are we doing when we\'re hearing something musically? How is this different from other kind

soft hearing? These transformations allow us to tackle these kinds of questions head on.

(ice crack sound repeated)

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I\'m Karen Hopkin.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是凯伦·霍普金。 本期节目只需要一分钟时间。 音乐包含很多重复部分。你最喜欢的歌曲没了副歌会变成什么样子？但是，音乐与重复还有更深层的联系。因为这种重复会让声音变得有音乐性——即使是在人行道上拖动铁铲的声音。这一结论来自即将在《音乐与科学》期刊上发表的一项研究。

几年前，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的心理学家发现，单词或短语重复几次以后，它们就开始听起来更像是唱歌而不是说话了。

“你听到的声音不仅和那些存在的声音不同，而且有时候还表现得非常奇怪，以致于听起来相当不可思议。而且声音有时表现得非常奇怪。有时就是非常奇怪。非常奇怪。非常奇怪。

非常奇怪。”（来源：语音变歌曲幻觉/多伊奇）

这种效果也许没什么奇怪的。因为说话和唱歌都是口头交流的形式。但是研究人员想知道：重复是否也能音乐化其他类型的声音？

所以，他们收集了20种不同环境中的声音片段，其中包括水滴落的声音、冰裂声、鲸鱼叫声以及前面提到的铲子声。然后，他们给58名大学生播放了这些声音片段，首先是单一的片段（单次鲸鱼叫声），然后播放一系列不断重复的声音（重复的鲸鱼叫声）。 他们发现，重复次数增加时，参与者认为这些声音变得更加悦耳。 结论是：

“重复在音乐化方面的力量似乎可以扩大到更广泛的声音范畴，而不仅仅是语言。” 阿肯色大学音乐认知实验室主任伊丽莎白·马古利斯负责这项研究。

“这些感知转换很强大，因为声音信号本身没有任何变化。那是恒定不变的。所有听起来不同的声音都来自于思维本身，这使这些错觉对于理解听觉的音乐模式尤为有用。我们在听到具有音乐性的声音时会有什么反应？这与听到其他类型的声音有什么不同？这些转换使我们能够正面解决此类问题。” （重复的冰碎裂声）

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是凯伦·霍普金。 重点讲解：

1. according to 据…所说；按…所载； 例句：According to an article in The Economist the drug could have side effects.

《经济学家》杂志上的一篇文章讲到这种药可能有副作用。 2. be different from 有差别的；不同的；

例句：The worker of today is different from the worker of yesterday. 如今的工人和以往的不同了。

3. allow sb. to do sth. 允许；容许；准许；

例句：The compromise will allow him to continue his free market reforms. 妥协将使他得以继续他的自由市场改革。 4. head on 正面的，直接的；

例句：Once again, I chose to confront the issue head-on. 我又一次选择了直接面对该问题。 四、

I ①Your wireless carrier loves you deeply and they want you to know.②

That\'s why, if you try to break your contract with them, they\'ll charge you a fee of up to $350. ③It\'s just one of the many ways they show they care.

II ①But before you start forking over your hard-earned money, check out these ways you may be able to skip the fee and push through your wireless carrier divorce.

III ①Get out while the gettin’s（getting的省语） good. ②This option won\'t apply to everyone, but it\'s worth mentioning that you can usually cancel a new contract within 2-4 weeks without having to pay an early termination fee

（ETF）. ③You may be responsible for a restocking fee, but it will be much smaller than the ETF at the beginning of a contract.

IV ①Find out if the Devil changed the deal. ②Cell phone companies don\'t exactly run around advertising this, but you two are in the contract together.③That means if they have changed the terms of the contract, you have a right to end the agreement. ④By law, your carrier has to notify you of these changes, but they may try to hide the info in your multi-page bill, so be sure to review it carefully. ⑤Generally, you have 14 days from receiving notice of the change to challenge it.

V ①Move to the middle of nowhere. ②If you let the customer service rep at your phone company know that you are moving to an area with no mobile coverage, you may be able to wiggle out of your contract without paying the fee. ③It isn\'t a sure thing, but it may be worth a try!

VI ①Be really, really annoying. ②Customer service is expensive. ③Every time you are on the phone with a customer service rep, you are costing your cell company money. ④If you have encountered terrible service and spent tons of time on the phone with your carrier, take it up a notch and you might be able to get them to end the contract for you. ⑤There\'s no need to be rude, patience and persistence are the key to convincing your carrier that you are just going to keep costing them money. ⑥Note: remember to weigh the value of your time against the ETF.

VII ①Foist it off on someone else. ②One woman\'s crummy, detestable cell phone carrier can be another woman\'s gold. ③If other methods have failed, you may be able to trade your contract away to someone else. ④Why would anyone else want your contract? ⑤Because along with the contract, they\'ll be getting your phone free. ⑥Not to mention the fact that they won\'t be stuck in a contract for as long. 词汇短语

1. wireless carrier 无线运营商

2. early termination fee 提前解约费，违约金 3. restocking fee 退货费

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