英语听力or阅读材料注释版(2)

is no difference in the proportion of visits to a doctor that involved a complaint of joint pain or back pain.

They saw no you\'re thinking, well, what if people couldn\'t get an appointment until the skies cleared up...

ionship. And that

doesn\'t mean that factors like rainfall or temperature or humidity don\'t affect joint pain and symptoms of joint achiness（疼痛achy的名词） and stiffness. But in this sort of big data approach, we didn\'t find any evidence for it.

Of course, it could still be that the pain from rain is not enough to complain.

patients take over-the-counter pain medications once these symptoms hit, and so when they

see their doctor they\'re not actually in enough pain to mention it.sualties of low-pressure fronts simply move on—gingerly. Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I\'m Karen Hopkin. 这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是凯伦·霍普金。

你是那种可以根据膝盖疼痛来判断暴风雨即将来临的人吗？嗯，你可能认为自己是。但是一项针对150多万名老年人的新研究发现，下雨和疼痛就医之间没有联系。这项研究结果发表在《英国医学期刊》上。

我们的身体是温度、压力和降水变化等各种天气现象的晴雨表，这种想法并不新鲜。 “希波克拉底本人实际上在公元前400年就提出了这个想法。”安努帕姆·耶拿是哈佛医学院和麻省总医院的内科医生兼医疗保健政策专家，也是这项研究的负责人。

“如果你和人们谈论这点，我敢说，可能有数百万人认为，降雨会影响关节疼痛和僵硬。但

是如果你看看这些研究，出乎意料的是，实际上几乎没有证据可以证明那是真的。以前大多数研究规模都相当小。我们想知道是否可以用“大数据”的方式来解决这个问题。” 他和同事查看了从1100多万次就诊纪录中收集到的信息，这些信息是美国老年人在他们的初级保健医生那里留下的记录。研究人员将这些记录与每日降雨量数据进行了比较。然后他们提出疑问：天气恶劣时，会有更多人说自己背部酸痛或关节肿痛吗？

“我们发现，将下雨天和不下雨天相比较时，你会发现因为关节疼或背部疼痛而就医的比例没有差异。”

即使连续下7天大雨，他们也没有看到任何“降雨效应”。要是你在想，也许在放晴之前人们无法预约就诊……

“如果观察暴雨过后的那周，你依然看不到任何联系。这并不意味着降雨量、温度或湿度等因素不会影响关节疼痛和僵硬。但是利用这种大数据的方法，我们依然没有找到任何证据。” 当然，也可能是降雨引发的疼痛并不足以抱怨。“可能这些症状一出现，患者就会服用非处方止痛药，而当他们看医生时，他们实际上并没有很疼，所以不会向医生提及。”低压锋过境造成的伤亡人数持续增加，请小心。

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是凯伦·霍普金。 重点讲解：

1. all sorts of 各种各样的；形形色色的；

例句：We overlook all sorts of warning signals about our own health. 我们忽视有关自身健康的种种预警信号。

2. be interested in 感兴趣的；有兴趣的；关心的；

例句：She was interested in the furnishings of that room. 她对那个房间的摆设儿很感兴趣。 3. compare with 比较；对比； 例句：Liz was then able to compare the eagle\'s eyesight with that of humans. 随后，莉斯将老鹰和人类的视力加以对比。 4. clear up (天气)放晴，变晴朗；

例句：It all depends on the weather clearing up. 这完全取决于天气是否会放晴。 三、

This is Scientific American\'s 60-second Science, I\'m Karen Hopkin. This will just take a minute.

Music includes a lot of repetition. What would your favorite song be without a chorus? But the

connection runs even deeper than that. Because the very act of repeating something can

render that thing melodious—even the sound of a shovel being dragged across the pavement. That\'s according to a study to be published soon in the journal Music & Science.

A few years back, psychologists at the University of California, San Diego, discovered that when

words or phrases are repeated a few times, they can start to sound more like singing than speaking.

(are not only different from those that a

re really present, but they sometimes behave so strangely as to seem quite impossible. But they sometimes

behave so strangely. Sometimes behave so strangely. Sometimes behave so strangely. So

strangely. So strangely. So strangely. So strangely.illusion/Deutsch)

The effect is perhaps not entirely surprising. Talking and singing are both forms of vocal

communication. But researchers got to wondering: could repetition also musicalize（编成音乐剧） other types of sounds?

So they collected clips of 20 different environmental sounds...including water dripping, ice

cracking, whales calling, and the aforementioned shovel. And they played the snippets to 58 undergraduates...first, as single sounds (single whale call) and then in a series with increasing reiteration (whale call repeated).

What they found is that...as the repeats stacked up...the participants rated the sounds as being more tuneful. The conclusion:

extend to a broader variety of sounds than just speech.

Elizabeth Margulis, director of the music cognition lab at the University of Arkansas, who led the study.

perceptual transformations are powerful because nothing changes in the acoustic

signal itself. That is held fixed. Everything that sounds different comes from the mind itself, making these illusions particularly useful for understanding the musical mode of listening. What

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