2013高考必备 高中英语语法精品资料 句子结构和成分(6)

写作专练7. 正确运用两个“有”there be与have (P14 ) 第4讲 简单句、并列句和复合句 句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 考点1. 简单句 只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. （划线部分为并列谓语 ，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。） 考点2. 并列句（参看P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） 由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的，这一点和汉语不同。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 ① 表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 The teacher?s name is Smith, and the student?s name is John. He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away. ② 表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 Hurry up, or you?ll miss the train. ③ 表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. ④ 表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 考点3. 复合句 复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。（而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系， 而不是从属关系）。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。 1. It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句） What he said is wrong. （what he said,是一个主谓结构，he为主语，said为谓语，what是宾语。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构。What he said作主语，is wrong系表结构作谓语。因此，本句是复合句。What he said是名词性从句作主语）。 2. The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句） The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother. （The boy is my brother.是一个主谓结构 who is wearing a hat也是一个主谓结构，作了前一个主谓结构中主语the boy的定语。因此本句是复合句。） 3. I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句） I was doing my homework when he came in. （I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。因此是复合句。 练习7. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn?t there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn?t it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 11. Right now it is the summer vacation and I\'m helping my Dad on the farm. 10 学而时习之，不亦悦乎? 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 12. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 13. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. 14. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat 15. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. 考点4. 两个主谓结构时，要用连接词，变为并列句或复合句，或把逗号改为分号 一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的。这是，我们有四种方法来改正这个错句： 1. 用and, so, but,等并列连词来构成并列句； 2. 把逗号改为分号； 3. 改为复合句； I have a house, whose windows are very big. √（含有定语从句的复合句） I have a house; its windows are big. √ （用分号） I have a house, its windows very big. √ (后面为独立主格结构) 练习8. 利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题： 1. Five people won the title __ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. is given B. was given C. being given D. given 2. All the preparations for the task_____, and we\'re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 3. 【2006辽宁】I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____Chinese in the school, most _____were from Germany. A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 4. 把一个主谓结构的谓语变成非谓语或去掉be，从4. Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, 而变成独立主格结构。（参看P错误！未定义书签。____ with smiles. 错误！未找到引用源。 ） A. their faces are shining B. whose faces shining C. their faces shining 5. Many students _____ around, I explained the story I like English, my English is very good.× into details. I like English and my English is very good.√（并列句） A. stood B. standing As I like English, my English is very good. √（含有原C. to stand D. were standing 因状语从句的复合句） 6. I have five friends, some of ____ are businessmen. I like English; my English is good. √（用分号） A. that B. whom C. they D. them I liking English, my English is very good. √ (把一个分7. I have five friends, but none of___ are businessmen. 句改为独立主格结构) A. that B. whom C. they D. them I have a house, its windows are very big. × I have a house and its windows are very big. √（并列句） 第二部分 专题过关测试 1. 改正下列句子的改错。 ① Do exercise everyday is good for your health. ② That what he said isn?t true. ③ He came late made his teacher angry. ④ On the desk is two books. ⑤ Go to a key college is my dream. 2. 用 划出下列句中的后臵定语，并指出是什么词性或结构充当的 Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 11

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