2013高考必备 高中英语语法精品资料 句子结构和成分(5)

⑤ 变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。 Eggs go bad easily in spring.鸡蛋夏天容易变坏。 His face went red.他的脸变红了。 What he had dreamt of came true. 他的梦想实现了。 Still waters run deep.静水流深。 ⑥ 终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong. 他预言的结果是错的。 练习3. 用下划线划出下列句中的系动词。 1. His advice proved right. 2. The shop stays open till 8 o?clock. 3. The machine went wrong. 4. All these efforts seem in vain. 5. These words sound reasonable. 6. The room soon became crowded. 7. The days are getting longer and longer. 8. He fell ill yesterday. 9. Trees turn green in spring. 10. What you said sounds great. III. 系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语 He is a student. (Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ) Your idea sounds great. (Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ) IV. 在一个英语单句中，一般情况要有谓语动词。 要注意：介词短语和形容词不能单独做谓语，要和系动词一起做谓语。 改错： ①Our school very beautiful and we like it very much. ②Your book on the desk. 答案及解析： Our school is very beautiful and we like it very much.(句中没有谓语动词) Your book is on the desk.（句中没有谓语动词） 写作专练5. 不要忘了使用系动词（P13） 考点3. 基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the +形容词、分词以及从句等。如， She likes English. We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 练习4. 用下划线划出下列句中的宾语。 1. People all over the world speak English. 2. Jim cannot dress himself. 3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 4. He did not know what to say. 5. He just wanted to stay at home. 6. He practices speaking English every day. 考点4. 基本句型 四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 如：He gave me a cup of tea. (Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ) 强调间接宾语顺序为： 动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如： Show this house to Mr. Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。 如：Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please。) 常跟双宾语的及物动词有： （需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell，wish, write等 （需借助for 的） buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等 『一般用to多些，用for的记住常用的三个就行：get, buy, make』 He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me. She bought John a book．= She bought a book for John. 8 学而时习之，不亦悦乎? 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 练习5. 分析下列句子成分，口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 8. He showed me how to run the machine. （ ） 10. I?ll have my bike repaired. （ ） 11. We elected him monitor. （ ） 12. Don?t keep the lights burning. （ ） 考点6. there be 句型 此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。 1. be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和数的变化。 写作专练6. 用活双宾语句式（P14） 现在时 there is / are … 过去时 there was / were… 将来时 there will be…/ there is / are going to be... 完成时 there has / have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/ there must have been... 过去曾经有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be … 2. 可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等词代替be动词。 此时还表示存在有，但表意要更具体一些。 Eg. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for There exists no air on the moon. There lies a book on the desk. There stands a tree on the hill. 1. a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work. A. It existed B. There existed C. They had D. There had 2. ___ a beautiful palace ___ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at 答案：B, D 3. there be 与have 的区别 there be … 某地有某物，某时有某事； have 表示某人拥有某物。 改错： 1. There has a book on the desk. 2. There will have a meeting this evening. 答案：1.把has改为is; 2. 把have改为be。 提示：没有there have这种表示“有”的方法。 考点5. 基本句型 五：ＳＶＯＣ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型的句子的特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 The war made him a soldier.（ＳＶＯＣ他成为一个士兵，构成逻辑上的主谓关系） New methods make the job easy. （ＳＶＯＣ） I often find him at work. （ＳＶＯＣ） The teacher asked the students to close the windows. （ＳＶＯＣ） I saw a cat running across the road. 练习6. 分析下列句子划分成分，在后面括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语 1. They appointed him manager. （ ） 2. They painted the door green. （ ） 3. He pushed the door open. （ ） 4. They found the house deserted. （ ） 5. What makes him think so? （ ） 6. We saw him out. （ ） 7. He asked me to come back soon. （ ） 8. I saw them getting on the bus. （ ） 9. We all think it a pity that she didn?t come here. Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 9 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

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