英语中五种基本句型详解(3)

注 意：

在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。

1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.

分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。

2. I think it best that you should stay with us.

分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。 注 意：

1. 习惯用语的使用

在英语中，有很多动词习惯用语，在学习的过程中，要注意它们的使用，不必分析单独每个词的使用。 例如：

①We are short of money. (be short of中short做表语)

②She is always making trouble for her friends. (trouble做make的宾语)

③ He has carried out our instructions to the letter. (our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)

④We are waiting for the rain to stop. (wait for后面的the rain是宾语，to stop是宾语补足语)

2. 在英语中，大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词，而且还会有一些固定词组，因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。

例如：ask：

① Did you ask the price？(直接接名词做宾语) ② She asked them their names. (接双宾语)

③ I asked James to buy some bread. (接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)

④ I asked to speak to Fred. (接不定式做宾语) ⑤ Didn't you ask him in？(在此句中和副词in连用)

⑥ He has asked for an interview with the President. (组成固定词组ask for)

3. There be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有??”

① 谓语动词和主语保持一致： There is a television in the sitting room.

② 有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致： There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.

③ 主语的后面有时有修饰语：

There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done. (此处也可以使用to do).

④ 谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:

There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.

⑤ 谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。 There used to be a cinema here.

There seems to be something the matter with her.

Is there going to be any activity tonight?

⑥ there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变翻译疑问句也要借助there。

Is there any hope of getting the job?

There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there?

⑦ there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词：

Once upon a time, there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door.

At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

⑧ 用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:

You wouldn't want there to be another war. (不定式的复合结构) The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合结构)

There being nothing else to do，we went home. (独立主格结构)

■巩固性练习■:

请判断下列句子的结构类型

1. He is running.

2. The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.

3. The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.

4. She seemed angry.

5. My father bought me a beautiful present.

6. Why do you keep your eyes closed?

7. Will you tell us an exciting story?

8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.

9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.

10. Can you push the window open?

答 案：

1. 主语---动词

2. 主语---动词---宾语---补语 3. 主语---动词---宾语---宾语 4. 主语---动词----表语 5. 主语---动词---宾语---宾语 6. 主语---动词---宾语---宾语 7. 主语---动词---宾语---补语 8. 主语---动词---宾语---补语 9. 主语---动词---宾语---补语 10. 主语---动词---宾语---补语

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