大学体验英语综合教程课堂辅导Book 3Unit 4-passage a-词汇充电

1 abortion

n. ① (esp. deliberately induced) expulsion of a foetus from the womb before it is able to survive, esp. in the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. 人工流产；堕胎；打胎：Many people are anti-abortion. 很多人反对人工流产。

【搭配】induced abortion 人工流产；habitual abortion 习惯性流产

② project or action that has failed completely 已经完全失败的计划或运动。

【联想】派生词 abortionist n. 为人堕胎者( 尤指非法者)；abortive adj. 落空的，失败的。 2 catastrophic

adj. involving or causing a sudden terrible disaster 灾难性的 【搭配】a catastrophic failure 极大的失败

【联想】派生词 catastrophe n. 突如其来的大灾难或大灾祸； catastrophically adv. 灾难

性地

【考题】SARS is a _______ illness because it can not be effectively cured at present.

A. disaster B. catastrophic C. tragic D. misfortune

【详解】答案B. 题意：非典型性肺炎是一个灾难性的疾病，目前还没有有效地治疗方

法。四个词中A,B,D都有灾难性的意思，但A,D 为名词，不符合语法，C虽为形容词，意思是悲剧的，意思不符，故选B。

3 Catholic

adj. of or relating to all Christians or the whole Christian Church; 天主教的，与天主教有关的：Is she a Catholic or a Protestant? 她是天主教徒还是新教徒? 【联想】Islam / Islamism 伊斯兰教；Catholicism 天主教；Buddhism 佛教；Christianity 基督教；Moslem 伊斯兰教徒； Catholic 天主教徒；Buddhist 佛教徒；Christian 基督徒 4 combat

n. fight or fighting between two people, armies, etc. 格斗，搏斗，战斗 【搭配】armed / unarmed combat 武装斗争/ 非武装斗争 v. fight or struggle with / against sb/sth 战斗，斗争，搏斗

【辨析】battle 指( 一场) 战役，如： the battle of Waterloo;；fight 指斗争，不一定是战

争中的战争，常指吵架，如a fight between two dogs. combat 比较正式，常用在军事语言中，强调战斗的行动，如： The troops were exhausted after months of fierce combat。

【短语】the combat with / against / between 与…….之间的战斗; combat for 为……而斗争

combat sb’s views 反对某人的意见

5 controversy

n. public discussion or argument , often rather angry, about sth which many people disagree with 公开辩论，论战：The appointment of the new director aroused a lot of controversy. 新负责人的任命引起了激烈的争论。

【考题】The point in _______ by correspondence is not whether we should do it but whether

we can do it.

A. argument B. debate C. dispute D. controversy

【详解】答案D。题意：在信件来往中，争论的关键不是我们是否该做这件事，而是这

件事我们是否做得了。controversy 侧重于正式的用文字形式进行辩论。A)argument 辩论，常以事理或理由说服对方；B) debate 指不同的人对同一事物的不同观点的讨论；C)dispute 是指双方相互驳斥，in dispute 问题在争论之中，尚未解决。

6 embrace

v. ①take (a person,etc) into one’s arms as a sign of affection拥抱：They embraced each other warmly.他们相互热情拥抱。② (of things) include 包括，包含：The term “mankind” embraces men, women, and children. “人类”一词包括男人，女人和儿童。 【辨析】embrace 与include 同义，即“包括”；comprise“包含，由……. 构成” 如：

The committee comprises six people. 委员会由六个人组成。contain “包含，容纳” 它的宾语只是整体的一部分。如：The book contains five photos. compose “构成”， 表示许多部分构成一个整体，一般用被动。

n. act of embracing 拥抱，包括：He held her in a warm embrace. 他热情地拥抱她。 7 excessive

adj. greater than what is normal or necessary; extreme 过分的；过度的；极度的

【搭配】excessive prices 过高的价格；an excessive amount of alcohol 过量的酒精 【联想】派生词 exceed vt. 超出，超过，胜过；excess n. 超越，超过；过量，过剩； exceeding

adj. 极度的，非常的；exceedingly adv. 极端地，非常；excessively adv. 过分地，过度地。

【辨析】excess, excessive｜excess adj. 过量的，额外的 (additional, more than is usual,

allowed) : an excess fare补票费；excessive adj. 过度的，过分的(too much, too great): an excessive demand 过分的要求｜exceedingly, excessively ｜ exceedingly=very much ( 极); excessively=too much ( 太) ｜ They were exceedingly hospitable. 他们极为好客。｜ They were excessively hospitable. 他们过于殷勤。

8 fertility

n. state or condition of being fertile 肥沃；多产；丰富

【搭配】the fertility of the soil 土地的肥沃；great fertility of mind 丰富的智慧

【联想】派生词 fertile adj. 肥沃的；fertilize v. 使土地等肥沃，多产；fertilizer n. 肥料，

化肥

9 illegal

adj. against the law 违法的，不合法的

【考题】The police began last week investigating rumors that the statue was taken from an

_______ excavation in Sicily.

A. illiterate B. illogical C. illegible D. illegal

【详解】答案：D).题意为：上星期，警方就雕像来自于西西里的一次非法挖掘的传言展

开了调查。illegal不合法的A)illiterate 文盲的，不识字的；B)illogical 不合逻辑的；C)illegible 不可辨认的。

10 immortality

n. state of being immortal 不朽；永存

【搭配】man’s belief in immortality 人类对永生的信念

【联想】派生词 immortal adj. 不朽的；永世的; immortalize v. 使某人/ 某物不朽、永生、

永存、名垂千古

11 implant

v. ①deliberately introduce or fix (ideas, etc) into a person’s mind 灌输；注入(思想等)｜② insert (tissue, etc) into a part of a body 在身体某部植入、移植(组织等)：In this operation the surgeons implant a new lens (in the eye).医生在这次手中给病人( 眼球) 植入了新的水晶体。

【搭配】implant religious beliefs in young children 向青少年灌输宗教信仰

【考题】When I was a boy, my father often told stories about Lei Feng in order to _______

him in my heart.

A. implant B. embrace C. ensure D. input

【详解】答案: A) 题意：小的时候，父亲常给我讲雷锋的故事，想让我把雷锋牢记心里。

B) embrace 拥抱，包括C) ensure 保证，确认D) input 输入

n. thing that has been implanted in the body 移植物 12 instinct

n. natural ability or tendency to act in a certain way, without having to learn or think about it. 本能，直觉，天性：When I saw the flames I acted on instinct and threw a blanket over them. 当我看到火焰时，我凭直觉行动，将一条毯子盖了上去。 【考题】Birds learn to fly _______ instinct.

A. on B. with C. by D. in

【短语】by instinct 出于本能；on instinct 凭直觉 13 irrational

adj. not (done by)using reason; against reasonable behavior 不理性的，不合理的 【联想】反义词 adj. rational 理性的；理智的；合理的

【考题】The _______ side of his character has always preponderated over the emotional.

A. reasonable B. rational C. unreasonable D. irrational

【详解】答案：B). 题意为：他性格当中理智的一面一向高于感性的一面。rational 与

reasonable 原意都近于“理性的”或“合理的”。rational 强调有思考、推理的能力，区别于“无理性的”( 如人类之外的动物) 和“感情用事的”、“纯凭想象或冲动的”。A)reasonable 意义较弱。现在多用来指“讲理、公平合理”暗示行为或要求等“不过火”如：I’ll buy it if the price is reasonable. 如果价格公道，我就把它买下来。

14 miracle.

n. an unusual and mysterious event that cannot be explained by the laws of nature. 奇迹，不可思议的事：This tonic will work miracles for your depression. 这种补药对治疗你的忧郁症十分有效。 15 moral

adj. ①concerning principles of right and wrong behavior 道德的，伦理的｜ a moral question, problem, judgement有关道德的议题，问题，判断; moral philosophy 伦理学｜②based on people’s sense of what is right and just, not on legal rights and obligations 道德上的，道义上的：He refused to join the army on moral grounds.他基于道义上的理由拒绝服兵役。

【搭配】a moral law, duty, obligation, etc 道德律、道义上的责任、道义上的义务｜ show

moral courage 表现出道德上的勇气

【联想】反义词 immoral , 派生词 morally adv. 有道德地; moralist n. 道德家，德育家，

伦理学者。morality n.道德，正义，正直。 moralize, v. 训导，教化。 immorality n. 不道德的( 行为)。 unmoral adj. 非道德的，无道德观念的。

16 pregnancy

n. a condition of growing a child in the womb 怀孕：These drugs should not be taken during pregnancy. 这些药物在孕期内不得服用。 【联想】派生词 pregnant adj. 怀孕的 17 prohibit

v. to forbid, to issue a law against something ( 以法令) 禁止，取缔：The school regulations prohibit students from smoking in the classroom. 校规禁止学生在课堂里吸烟。

【联想】派生词 prohibition n. 禁止，阻止;prohibition n. 禁酒时期(1920-1933 年间美国

以法律禁止酿酒及售酒的时期)；prohibitionist n. 赞成禁止售酒者；prohibitive adj. 禁止使用或购买的；禁止性的

【考题】Chinese customs regulations _______ taking precious works of art out of China.

A. prohibit B. forbid C. avoid D. repel

【详解】答案:A)。题意为：中国海关条例规定禁止将珍贵的文物带出中国。A) prohibit 和

B) forbid 这两个词都有“禁止”的意思，但应用范围不同: prohibit 用于上级部门的正式法令，规定或权威机构的法律、法令；forbid用于普通人之间如禁止某人做某事，或不让某人做某事；C)avoid避免；D)repel抵制，排斥，击退。

【短语】prohibit sb. from doing sth. = forbid sb. to do sth. 18 regulation

n. ① an esp. official rule or order 规章，规则｜② the general condition of controlling any part of human life. 调控，管制，管理：There are too many rules and regulations in this factory. 这家工厂有太多繁琐的规章制度。｜ A thermostat was used for the regulation of the temperature in the building.这座大楼用恒温器来调节里面的温度。 19 represent

v. ①make an image of or show (sb/sth) in a picture or play.描绘，塑造｜②describe (sb/sth) often misleadingly, as having a certain character or qualities 将某人或某物( 常指歪曲性地) 描述为有某特点或某性质｜③ stand for or be a symbol of(sb/sth); symbolize 代表，象征：The picture represents a hunting scene. 这是一副行猎图。｜Why do you represent the matter in this way? 你为什么把这事说成这样?｜He represented himself as an expert.他把自己说成是专家。｜ The rose represents England. 玫瑰花是英格兰的象征。

【联想】派生词 representation n. 表现，表示；代表，代理； representative adj. 有代表

性的，典型的；n. 代表，代理人，有代表性的人或物，典型｜ be representative/characteristic/typical of ..... 的典型，……的特点

20 reproductive

adj. of or for reproduction of offspring 生殖的，繁殖的【搭配】reproductive organs, systems 生殖器官，系统

【联想】派生词 reproduce v. 复制( 图画等)；reproduction 复制，重现，繁殖 21 risk

n. (insurance of the) possibility of meeting danger or suffering harm, loss, etc. 危险，风险：Is there any risk of the bomb exploding? 这个炸弹有爆炸的危险吗? 【短语】at risk 处境危险｜ at the risk of 冒……的危险 【考题】He rescued the child at the _______ of his own life.

A. danger B. risk C. hazard D. difficulty

【详解】答案:B). 题意为：他冒着生命危险救了那孩子。at the risk of “冒……的危险,

于……危险中”，不说A)at the danger of. 有成语at all hazards“不顾一切危险”；at hazard“在危急中”; by hazard“偶然”，不说C) at the hazard of。

v. expose (sb/oneself) to danger 使某人/ 自己面临危险

【搭配】risk one’s health, fortune, neck 冒丧失健康、财富、生命之险

【联想】派生词 risky adj. 有很大风险或危险的；riskily adv. ；riskiness n. 22 sole

adj. being the only one; only 惟一的，仅有的：I am the sole child of my parents. 我是父母的独生子( 女)。

【考题】The _______ thought of snakes makes her feel ill.

A. sole B. only C. mere D. just

【详解】答案:C). 题意为：一想到蛇她就会很难受。mere 仅仅，单单，纯粹；A)sole 单

独的，惟一的( 即one and one only)；B) only ( 一类中) 惟一的(the one specimen of its class)。 A)sole 强调的是“只一个”，only 强调的是“一类中惟一的一个”；D) just ( 形容词) 公正的，公道的，正义的，合理的；( 副词) 仅仅，只是。

n. 脚底，鞋底，袜底 23 stamp

v. ① put one’s foot down heavily on (the ground, etc); flatten (sth) by doing this 重重地踩在( 地面等) 上；跺；踏平｜② print (a design, the date, lettering, etc) on paper, cloth, or some other surface; mark (paper, etc)with a design, an official seal, etc. 在……上盖印，盖上( 字样)：He stamped his foot in anger. 他气得直跺脚。｜ The librarian forgot to stamp my library books. 图书管理员忘了在我借的书上盖日期了。 【短语】stamp out 踩灭，消灭

n. ① small pieces of paper with an official design on it. 邮票，印花｜② instrument with which a design, mark is stamped on a surface. 印章，图章｜③ act or sound of stamping with the foot. 跺脚，跺脚声 【联想】派生词 stamp-collecting n. 集邮; stamp-collector n. 集邮的人; stamp-duty n. 印花

税

【短语】stamp album 集邮簿 24 string

n. ① (a) narrow cord used to tie, fasten, etc. 线，细绳｜② a series of related or similar events 一系列，一连串｜③ tightly stretched piece of catgut or wire, eg in a violin, harp or guitar, which produces a musical note when it vibrates 琴弦

【考题】A strange _______ of events caused the incident on the Orient Express.

A. string B. set C. system D. chain

【详解】答案D). 题意为：一连串的怪事导致了东方快车上的事件。a chain of 和A) a

string of 都有“一连串、一系列”之意，但侧重面有所不同。 a chain of 指一连串或一系列有联系的事件、情况及想法，如：a chain of events ( 一系列事件)；A) a string of 本意指“串在细绳上的一串东西”可延伸为“一排，一列或一系列的人或物”如：a string of pearls; B) a set of 意为“一套，一副或一组”，指由性质、特征相同或类似的东西所组成的一套、一副或一组，如：a set of false teeth 一副假牙；C)a system of 指思想、理论、原则的“体系、体制”如：a system of philosophy 一套哲学体系。

【短语】string along 欺骗，愚弄; string along with 随某人同行，追随; string out ( 使) 成

行地展开

v. hang or tie sth in place with a string, rope, etc 悬挂，系住：Lanterns were strung in the trees around the pool. 水池周围的树上悬挂着灯笼。 25 tough

adj. ① strong; able to suffer difficult or severe conditions 坚强的，吃苦耐劳的｜② strict and firm 严格的，强硬的③ (of meat) hard to cut or chew ( 指肉) 硬的，老的｜④ difficult 困难的｜⑤ rough; violent 粗暴的，凶恶的：You need to be tough to survive in the jungle. 要

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