简单，虽然也有主格、宾格和所有格三种。但是，只有所有格简单的词尾变化，即在名词的词尾增加（’s）即可，名词复数词尾已有s时，只加（’）符号。例如；Jack’s father; today’s night paper; children’s book; professors’ offices;等。不过，表示所有关系时，对于大多数无生命的名词，多用of，有生命的名词有时也用。例如；Department of Mechanical Engineering; a door of this room; the life of the peasant-workers等。
4.2.6.名词的用法 名词在句子中可以担任很多成分，如主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等。名词的多义词也可以是动词。因此，也可以作谓语，但已经不属于名词了。例如； The water is clear. （主语）
Have you taken a cup of water? （宾语） She waters flower. （v.谓语） He is a teacher. （表语） a university student. （定语） Wait a moment, I’ll come. （状语） 4.3.代词
能代表名词或形容词的词，其作用也和名词一样，有些代词也可以和形容词一样，用作定语。代词前一般都没有冠词，少数例外。 4.3.1代词的种类
(1).人称代词(Personal pronoun), 如；I, me, you, he, him, she, her, etc.
(2).物主代词(Possessive pronoun), 如；my, your, his, ours, theirs, etc.
(3).自身代词或反身代词(Self-pronoun or Reflexive pronoun),如；myself, yourself, itself, oneself, etc.
(4).相互代词(Reciprocal pronoun), 如；each other, one another.
(5).指示代词(Demonstrative pronoun), 如；this, that, such, same, etc.
(6).疑问代词(Interrogative pronoun), 如；who, what, etc. (7).连接代词(Conjunctive pronoun), 如；who, what, etc. (8).关系代词(Relative pronoun), 如；who, which, that, etc. (9).不定代词(Indefinite pronoun), 如；same, any, each, one, all, etc.
4.3.2.人称代词 人称代词分第一、第二、第三人称,即我、你、他。复数为我们、你们、他们。第三人称单数还有阳性、阴性和文法上的中性，即现代汉语中的他、她和它，但复数不分性、都用they。代词也有主格和宾格之分，和汉语不同，除you和it外都有词形变化。 英语的人称代词比汉语简单得多，汉语中的我、余、吾、朕、敝人、在下、不才、寡人、哀家、贫僧等，在英语中都是I,很简练，但也有些含意浅。英语中you没有尊称您和你的区别，但德语、法语和俄语中都有。英语中she, it和汉语中的‘她’‘它’一样，能分别代表女性和一些事物 ,例如；
China is my motherland, she is very beautiful. Who is it? It is I(也可以是me)! It is raining now.
英语中的we和they也可以代表一般人群，例如； We all are students.
They say he is a leader of the office.
人称代词应用时应有一定的顺序,谦虚时通常将你,他放在前边.身为长辈时,将我放在第一位.例如; You, she and I are teachers.
I and my son share the good news.
遇到不好的事情,道歉或者过失时,我放在第一位.例如; I and he are very sorry to do this thing.
We, you and they are going to be sent to do a hard work.
第三人称,男女并列时,通常就将男的放在前面.例如; He and she are leaving for Beijing.
4.3.3.物主代词 有形容词性和名词性代词,表示对事物的所有关系,称代词所有格或物主代词。例如； This is my notebook. This notebook is mine
物主代词和人称代词的应用有无区别，要看在句中的含义而定。考试时要注意分清。例如；
It is a question of his(不是him), going to theatre or not. He objected to their playing during this morning. He saw them playing during this morning.
They heard me singing in the room.他们听到我在房间里唱歌。 They heard my singing in the room.他们听到我在房间里的歌声。前者指我在唱歌为主,后者指我的歌声为主。
4.3.4. 自身代词或反身代词 表示强调自身或者一种动作反馈到动作者自身的代词，例如；
You yourself should do it. I will take it myself.
He hit himself in the knee.他磕伤了自己的膝盖。(过去时) The garden renewed itself every spring.
4.3.5.相互代词 只有两个each other和 one another,。前者表示两人相互之间的关系,后者表示多人之间的关系. each和 other 有时可以分开.例如;
They can often visit each other.
We often discussed in one another’s room. Each attempted to do better than the other.
4.3.6. 指示代词 表示这个,那个,这些,那些,这些个,同样的事如； This is a pen.
That book is too old.
These buildings are the places of government offices. Those houses are of the resident population. Such problems must be solved at first.
The same words in this paper could not be repeated again.
Say it again, please.请再说一遍.
It 在这里也是一个指示代词,汉语里不再单独说出来.是指刚才说过的那件事物.
4.3.7. 疑问代词,连接代词和关系代词 疑问代词表示对某人某事的疑问,通常放在句首.例如;
Who is it ? 谁呀?（问敲门人）; 喂! （电话中招呼）。 Who’s who. 谁是谁, 书名, 即名人传略。 Whom are you waiting for? Whose bag is here? What’s up? (出了什么事?). Which book is yours?
疑问代词在句中的位置总是在最前面,这和汉语不同.汉语说你是谁,你等谁,这是谁的包裹.也说哪本书是你的或者你的书是哪本等。疑问代词what,who,which的后面如有ever时是加强语气,有究竟、到底的意思。例如;
What ever do you think? Who ever do you love?
如果是连在一起,即whatever, whoever, whichever 则有无论什么,谁都可以,无论哪个的意思,也可以是强调的意思.例如; Whatever I have is yours.我的一切都是你的。
Whoever it is, I don’t want to see him.不管是谁,我都不想见他。 Whichever (book) he chose, you may give him. 无论他挑中了哪本书 或什么东西,你都可以给。
在这里,what(ever)和which(ever)还可以是形容词,例如; Whatever man told you that, it is not true.无论谁对你讲的,那件事都不会是真的。
Which books did he choose? 他挑选了哪些书。
连接代词和疑问代词形式相同,通常是引导从句起连接作用的。因此,也有的归为一类。如前面的whatever等例句就引导了从句。又例如; You should understand what I say. I don’t care what you do. I don’t know who he is.
关系代词中增加了一个that,是引导定语从句的,将所修饰的词关联起来.在定语从句中可以作主语,宾语,定语或表语,也可以代表主句中被定语从句修饰的名词或代词. 关系代词中who, whose, whom代表人,而that代表人或东西,在作宾语时,可以省去。that 不能用作所有格。which只可以代表动物或东西，其所有格形式可以用whose或of which。考试中常要分辨关系代词that或 which两者的用法。例如;
The man who comes here is my brother. He is the man whom I want to speak to.
Do you see the book the cover name of which is “who’s who”？ The man that I spoke to told me a strange story.
This is the highest building in the city that（可以省去，但不能用which，因为前面有最高级形容词) the local government occupies.
The car which (或that) I drive is a new one.
4.3.8．不定代词 不明确代表任何名词或形容词的代词。可以作主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语和同位语.例如: a few, all, another, any, both, each, either, everyone, few, many, much, none, neither, one, other, some等。其中a few 为 ‘有几个’，是肯定的意思。而few 是‘很少’或‘没几个’的意思，都可修饰可数的复数名词。all 可以代表‘一切’，如果是不可分的整体，则看作单数。如果是指全部但可分开的个人，通常为三个或三个以上者，则看作复数。
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