1-2.Issue全部题目的翻译(4)

GRE ISSUE TOPICS

176 \05/5; 06/4]

科学的目的是使人们安心，艺术的目的是使人们不安。这就是它们各自的价值。

Others (2)

4 \study.\05/35; 06/6]

任何领域要取得重大进展，都需要外领域者的知识和经验。

9 \Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use.\

近年来学术领域如此专业化，以至于学者们的思想只能使少部分人了解。只有使更多的人理解，他们的思想才能发挥作用。

No.10 History

History & Contemporary (8)

26 \Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served.\05/18; 06/3] (27)

很多人认为建筑代表了一个社会过去的历史价值，但是当现代城市的规划者想要利用老建筑占用的地盘做新的规划时，就会引起很多争辩。在这样的情况下，现代的发展应该优先被考虑，以使当代的需要得到满足。

54 \History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.\05/29; 06/4]

历史只教会我们一件事：了解过去并不能帮助今天的人们在重大的事情上做决定。

103 \The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives.\05/34; 06/3] 研究历史的价值只体现在这种研究和我们的日常生活相关时。 (53)

110 \When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers.\05/18; 06/0]

当我们研究历史时，我们变成了讲故事的人。因为我们无从直接知道过去发生的事情，必须通过一些证据来构建，所以历史研究是一个有创造成分的领域，而并非一个客观的学科。所有的历史学家都是讲故事的人（storyteller）。

120 \So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present.\05/33; 06/9] (36) 现代生活是崭新、复杂的，认知过去对现在没有指导价值。

125 \ 过去并不能预示将来。

189 \present.\

如果人们忽视了过去的伟大成就，那是因为这些成就已不能再回应目前的需要。

226 \People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience.\05/22; 06/6]

人们总是错误地认为自己面临的问题要比前人来得更复杂和更具有挑战性。不断增加的知识和经验最终消除这种假象。(现在和过去)

Effects of History (2)

81 \ 对国家历史的带有爱国主义色彩的崇敬往往对国家发展起阻碍作用，而不是推动作用。

221 \chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history.\05/20; 06/0] (33)

研究历史最明显的好处就是消除了这样的错觉，某个时代的人们与历史上另一个时代的人们有重大的差别 - 16 -

GRE ISSUE TOPICS

Individual & History (3)

36 \The greatness of individuals can be decedied only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.\05/58; 06/6]

241 \of a person's greatness are people who belong to a later time.\

个体的伟大成就不能由同时代的人来评判；对于成就最客观的评价者是后来人。

48 \The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.\05/50; 06/7] (68)

对历史的研究把太多的重点放在对某些个人上。而历史上一些重大的事件和发展趋势不是由个别名人决定的，而是由那些已经被人们淡忘的社会群体所创造的。

No.11 International (4)

116 \aspect of society -- including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences -- will benefit greatly from international influences.\

随着经济和通讯等领域的全球化，毫无疑问，社会的方方面面，包括教育、政治、艺术和科学，都将从这种国际化影响中获益非浅。

197 \The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.\05/16; 06/0]

一个国家的生活质量提高和社会的安定是和其他所有国家的生活质量提高和社会安定密不可分的。

No.12 Other Topics (4)

127 \Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions.\05/27; 06/4]

事实都是固执的。它不可能随着我们的愿望、喜好或者情绪而改变。(客观和主观)

136 \The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare.\05/31; 06/3] (35) 没有选择的情况少之又少。

157 \There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires.\05/28; 06/2] 纯粹客观的观察是不存在的。所有的观察都是主观的；观察总是被观察者的预期或者喜好所左右的。(主观和客观之观察)

173 \in new ways.\

创新并不意味着一定要想一些人们从未想过的东西；它意味着用新方法来重组老观点。(新旧问题)

Leak:

69. “Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.” (36)

203. \society chooses as its heroes or its heroines.\ (32)

25. \can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction—in other words, to make things as simple as possible.\ (20)

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