1-2.Issue全部题目的翻译

GRE ISSUE TOPICS

Issue Topics

说明：

1. 我的分类是对在网上流行的分类题库做了一些小修改。

1) 尽可能把相近的题目放在一起，所以题号不一样按顺序排列。 2) 另外，我删除多次重复的题号。

3) 国际类（International）的两道题，我做了移动。

NO.11 大学题，移至Education --> Education & Society NO.13 语言题，移至Politics --> Others

2. 标黑体的题目是孙远推荐的练习题。 3. 高频题根据寄托天下最新机经（2006.3.2）整理，包括2005年及2006年3月的题目：2005年频率在20次以上（含

20次）或2006年1月至3月频率在3次以上（含3次）。频率标注分为两部分，前一部分指2005年2月－9月的频率，后一部分表示2006年1－3月的频率。非高频的孙远题后面也列出频率统计。 4. 欢迎指正。

Redhobor 2006/3/5

No.1 Study

Study Methods (2)

28 \facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little.\

学生们只有在学习了有助于理解事实的思想、趋势和概念后才可能记住这些事实。孤立学习事实是学不到东西的。

42 \benefit academically if they work frequently in groups.\

学习不是个人行为，而是需要人们的合作，所以各个年级的学生如果经常在一个群体里工作，他们将会在学业上获益非浅。

Study & Practice (3)

57 \experience.\

书中学到的知识远比实际经验中学到的知识要深广。

117 \experience.\

从书本中所学的知识要比从直接的实践中学到的更丰富、更广博。

204 \ 我们通过直接经验学习；没有通过实践而接受一个理论是学不到任何东西的。

提纲：

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1. Books contain knowledge which comes from many people's direct experience and transcends the limitation of personal experience.

2. But only reading books is not enough. A person must convert the knowledge in the books to a part of his inner wisdom .

3. Moreover, the knowledge in the books has to be tested in the practice. Nobel prize只是授予已经验证的理论 //很多理论可能是错误的。伪科学。 /学习游泳。 //军事理论。

//albert einstein //big bang

//neptune. 1846

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Study from Contradiction (3)

1 \own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.\

我们通常从与我们意见一致的人那里学到的东西比从与我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多；意见分歧产生压力并阻碍

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GRE ISSUE TOPICS

了学习。

122 \ 几乎所有的知识都归功于和我们意见不同的人，而并非和我们意见一致的人。

4 \study.\

任何领域要取得重大进展，都需要外领域者的知识和经验。

提纲：

1.only disagree can break through the present knowledge, and make an innovative discovery or invention. // the quantom theory against the Isaac Newton's three famous laws of the motion. //爱因斯坦和波尔关于相对论的争论

2. knowledge and experience from outsiders can often lead to new cross-disciplines, which plays more and more crucial roles in our quotidian lives.

new ideas often burst in debate and discussion, especialy in interrelated subjects.

//物理学和数学(mathematics)、美学(aesthetics)、哲学(philosophy)在某种程度上的一致性。(量子力学) //newton在各个方面都很突出。 //aristotle貌似也是

好句子：

disagreement and critics reveals other perspective make us to think more thoroughly and lead to a sagacious decision. sometiems, with the knowlege and expereience beyond one's specified studies, he may ahcieve greater advancement, otherwise, his study may encounter difficulties and even be impeded.

knowlege and experience from outsiders can provide different aspects of thinking, and may lead to inspiration, creation, and new discoveries.

cooperation and objection both benefit us, and one gains much from disagreement rather than agreement

Curriculum (12)

38 \In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books.\05/57; 06/3]

在电视机时代，阅读书籍已经没有原来那样重要了。人们从电视上学到的东西丝毫不比从书本中学来的少。 155 \ 当代社会提供了很多学习的途径，读书这种学习方式已经不是很重要了。 -------------------------------------------------- 提纲：

1.admittedly other media like networks, tv, pc are playing more and more important roles. //vivid and intuitionistic //direct and immediate

2.reading books is still the efficient way to teach the systematic and profound conceptions such as philosophy. 3. 2)need no energy and do no harm to eyes. 1)cheap and portable.

好句子：

besides, reading book still has its own merits.

39 \The intellectual benefits of attending a university or college are vastly overrated: most people could learn more by studying and reading on their own for four years than by pursuing a university or college degree.\[05/8; 06/1]

大学学习的好处被过高估计：大多数人如果通过研究和阅读的方式自学四年，会比追求一个大学学位学到的更多。

5 \allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.\

一个国家应该要求所有的学生在上大学前都学习相同的国内课程，而不是允许不同地区的学校决定自己的教学课程。

80 \All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in science.\05/12; 06/0]

所有的学生都应该被要求学习理科课程，尽管有些人对理科不感兴趣。

106 \emphasis on academic subjects.\

学生们应该被要求至少学习一种道德规范课程，即使这样会影响学术课程的学习。

51 \Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs

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GRE ISSUE TOPICS

and interests of each student.\05/90; 06/7] (41) 只有针对每个学生的需要和兴趣，教育才真正的有意义。

90 \students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than seek programs that promise entry into the job market.\

应该鼓励大学学生学习他们感兴趣的课程，而不是学习好找工作的课程。

214 \Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped.\05/17; 06/4]

社会应该找出那些具有特殊天才和能力的孩子，并在小时候就训练他们，这样他们最终能在此领域表现出众，否则这些潜能可能得不到发展。

94 \acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.\ 大学应该要求学生学习本专业以外的课程，因为让学生们了解不同学科的知识才是教育的最佳方式。

67 \a balanced, well-rounded education.\

学院应该要求学生们参加公益活动，这样就能保证学生们得到全面平衡的教育。

98 \contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.\

大学和学院应该在流行音乐、电影、广告和电视上开设更多的课程，因为现代文化比过去文艺和学生更密切。

158 The arts (music, dance, visual arts, etc.) are vitally important to students' education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as mathematics, science, reading and other mainstream subjects.\

艺术（音乐、舞蹈、视觉艺术等）对学生的教育非常重要的，因此它们应该得到和数学、科学、阅读以及其他主流课程一样的重视。

Limitations of Marks & Grade (2)

55 \ 人们为了分数而竞争，严重限制了人们各个阶段的学习质量。

100 \without grades would promote more genuine intellectual development.\

高分压力严重限制了学习的质量。没有分数限制的教育环境更有利于真正的智力发展。

Others (13)

27 \thinking.\

遵守传统经验和想法的人是不会成功的。

59 \Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them.\05/22; 06/4]

人们用太多的精力来模仿他人。人们应该学会独立思考和行动，而不要照搬别人的东西，这样才能做出最适合他们的选择。

74 \The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language.\05/26; 06/2]

和一大群人交流想法或者价值观的最有效方式是图像而非语言。

153 \instead of accepting it passively.\05/24; 06/1] (53)

无论学生们学习什么都应该带着一定的疑问。学生们应该质疑老师教授的东西而不只是被动的接受。(教育问题之学而好问)

164 \what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes.\ (23)

想象力有时比经验更有价值。缺乏实际经验的人对可能性有更自由的想象空间，所以能够不受固有的习惯和思维的限制来完成任务。

177 \The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes.\05/38; 06/0]

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GRE ISSUE TOPICS

对于一门学科的研究会改变我们对世界的看法。在学习这门学科之后，我们看到的世界一如既往，但是我们本身的角度和眼光已然不同。(知识对于人类的影响)

179 \taking risks and keeping the mind open -- but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything.\

人类真正希望获取的不是知识，而是确定性。获取真正的知识需要冒险，并且要有开放的心灵，但是大多数人更喜欢确定感，而不是去了解事物复杂的，甚至是使人不安的真相。

183 \As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious.\05/18; 06/2]

随着我们获取的知识越来越多，事情不是变得更好理解，而是变得更复杂更神秘。

184 \It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.\05/17; 06/1] (29) 在没有证据之前就得出理论，是重大错误。

205 \only be positive.\

全世界的人有越来越多的途径来获取新信息，这对终身学习只会有积极的推动作用。

229 \by trying to develop a sense of the whole.\

学习新学科或技能的最佳方式是深入研究小片断或细节，而不是一开始就试图获取整体的认识。

233 \instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.\

尽管技术创新，如录像机、计算机以及因特网看似改善了学校的教学方式，但这些技术时常分散真实的学习。

239 \information referred to as a 'fact' should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future.\

许多人们认为“真实”的信息结果是不准确的。因此，对任何被称为“事实”的信息都应该此怀疑态度，因为很有可能它将来被证实是虚假的。

No.2 Education

Purpose of Education (14)

40 \Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem.\05/11; 06/0] (34)

我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究者的著作能否对社会做出贡献。更重要的是关注他们如何追求实现自己的兴趣，无论那些兴趣显得是多么的非同寻常。(少数和多数之科学家)

50 \In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.\05/30; 06/10] (71)

为了提高大学的教学质量，所有的教职员工应该去校外参加一些和他们教的课程相关的工作。

53 \ 大学教育应该对所有学生免费，全部由政府来承担。

102 \past.\

不论好坏，教育改变了人们以前的想法、信念和价值观。

104 \it fears.\

一种文化要想保留它认为好的思想，消除它认为不好的思想，主要是通过正规的教育。

112 \but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.\

一些教育机构强调培养学生的推理和逻辑思考能力，但是如果也教会学生认知自我的情感，学生们将受益更多。

128 \, formal

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GRE ISSUE TOPICS

education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.\

人们经常说教育的目的是释放人们的心灵。但实际上，正规的教育却倾向于束缚而非释放了人们的心灵。

130 \How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.\05/48; 06/6] (73) 孩子融入社会的能力决定了社会的命运。遗憾的是，我们还不知道怎样培养孩子使他们对社会有益。

134 \and the true conviction of their own beliefs.\

必须鼓励学生们意识到：机智和修辞技巧必须以真诚和真正的信仰为基础。

191 \productive workers.\

教育应该把这两件事看得同等重要－丰富学生的个人生活，把学生培养成生产者。

201 \prepare them for a specific job.\

教育的目的应是给学生提供一个价值系统，标准以及一系列理念，而不是使他们为某一特定工作做好准备。

213 \ability to compromise and work with others -- that is, the ability to achieve social harmony -- should be a major goal in every school.\

学校太强调教学生怎么质疑他人的主张。实际上，培养折衷和与他人合作的能力，也就是促进社会和谐的能力应该被作为每个学校的主要目标。

222 \serve an ulterior purpose and be directed toward clear goals.\

为了学习而学习已经是过时的理念。现在的教育必须是面向未来并且有明确的目标。

232 \This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns.\

教育的目的应该是建立一个与世隔离的学术环境。这种环境是很理想的，因为这样学生们就可以不被日常事务牵扯精力而专注地研究重要问题。

Education & Society (5)

11 \All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems.\05/36; 06/4] (37) 所有的国家应共同建立一所全球性大学，用来培养学生们解决世界的最顽固的社会问题。

47 \Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect—that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills.\05/47; 06/4]

社会对于智力还是重视不够，比如推理和认知的能力。

52 \ 教育鼓励学生们提问和批评，这样不利于社会的和谐。

78 \wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict.\

学校应该教给学生所有人类之间本质的互通性，这样就能有助于消除战争、文化抵触和其他形式的冲突。

154 \Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators.\05/50; 06/1]

家长和社会都应该参与到当地的学校中来。教育太重要了，不能只靠专业教育者。

223 \ 教育主要是个人的事情，与学校或者大学基本没有关系。

Educational Methods (2)

228 \, employer, or parent -- is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.\

最佳教育方式，不管是作为一个教育工作者、雇主还是父母，都是表扬积极的行为，忽略负面的行为。

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