C．An Interesting Friend D．Friends Are Like Sisters
B [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是友情——一段失而复得的友情，其实一直存在并且将会一直持续下去。故标题要突出“失而复得”和“永恒”，而B选项中Again和Forever契合这两点，故正确答案为B。]
【导学号：57732089】
C
Short Essay on Antisocial(反社会的) Behaviour in Children Children's insecurities and frustration(沮丧) show up directly or symbolically in their free play.The aggressive, destructive, unsocial, or antisocial attitudes are acted out in play.
As professionally mature physical educators, health educators, and recreation specialists we must try to structure play situations that will explain impulses, feelings, and fantasies.Games and sports often become substitute responses which redirect behaviour.Hambridge illustrates how structured play therapy(疗法) enables child and therapist(治疗师) to bring energy to bear where it will count.The therapist acts to focus attention, to excite further activity, to give approval, to gain information, or to set limits.The structured play situation is used as a stimulus(刺激物) to enable the independent, creative free play of the child in treatment.
In tracing the evolution of play therapy, Lebo concludes that if play therapy had developed solely from the theoretical explanations of play it would be used to educate children to play properly.
Bernstein insists that play is a natural means of expression for the child and can be clinically useful in diagnosis (诊断), therapy, and research.Play may reduce anxiety in children and be helpful in evaluating the need for mental help.
Cox in studying sociometric status and individual adjustment before and after play therapy, found that sociometric status was shown to be an effective index of adjustment for a group of 52 orphans, aged 5 to 13 years.The findings supported the theory that the sociometric status is a sensitive and valid index of behavioural change.
Chittenden used play situations as a means of helping children get a better understanding of their own problems and as a means of finding whether they gained in understanding.Play was used also as a means of direct teaching of manners and
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techniques that would help children to avoid quarrels.
Shaw found that an inconsistent or conflicting environment holds back the development of socially approved behaviour.He showed quite dramatically the influence of the group, or small part of society and its mores, upon the attitude and behaviour of individuals.
Wattenberg noted that in any group of criminals, the first signs of behaviour difficulties appear in later childhood, often before the age of ten.For eleven year olds, poor school performance and gang activities are strongly related.
Frustrations met in school may have led to hostile feelings which were expressed in destruction of property or fighting.The author suggests that for those who failed in efforts to earn social recognition in sports or scholarship, daring_deeds of theft may have been compensation.
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了孩子的一些反社会行为的表现、形成原因以及应对措施等。
41．How can a therapist treat a child who shows signs of antisocial behavior? A．By designing proper sports or play situations. B．By explaining impulses, feelings and fantasies. C．By enabling independent and creative free play. D．By clinically diagnosing and researching.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，设计适当的游戏或运动形式，或制定相关的规则，可以有效治疗孩子的反社会行为。故选A。]
42．Who might agree that if a child plays freely he may feel less worried? A．Lebo. C．Cox.
B．Bernstein. D．Chittenden.
B [细节理解题。由文章第四段最后一句可知，Bernstein认为孩子的自由玩耍可以降低焦虑。worried意为“烦扰的，担忧的”。根据第三段可知Lebo认为理论上讲游戏疗法可以教育孩子合理玩耍；根据第五段可知Cox发现社会身份对孩子行为变化有影响；根据第六段可知Chittenden用游戏情境帮助孩子理解自身问题并引导孩子以恰当的行为技巧来避免争吵。所以A、C、D三项排除。]
43．We can infer from the passage that Shaw focuses on the effect of ________ on children.
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A．gang activities B．misunderstanding C．poor school performance D．peer pressure
D [推理判断题。文章倒数第三段阐述了Shaw的观点：群体对个人行为有极大的影响。因此D(同辈压力)符合。]
44．The underlined words “daring deeds” in the last paragraph most probably refer to “________”．
A．improper behavior C．helpful thought
B．brave action D．extreme sports
A [词义猜测题。由画线词后面的of theft可知，这里“大胆的行为”是指“不恰当的行为”。]
D
I recently read a newspaper article about an 8－year－old boy who found an envelope containing more than $600 and returned it to the bank whose name appeared on the envelope.The bank traced the money to its owner and returned it to him.All is right with the world.Right? Wrong.
As a reward, the man who lost the money gave the boy $3.Not a lot, but a symbol of his appreciation nonetheless and not compulsory.After all, returning money should not be considered extraordinary.A simple “thank you” is adequate.But some of the teachers at the boy's school felt a reward was not only appropriate, but also required.Outraged at the apparent stinginess of the person who lost the cash, these teachers took up a collection for the boy.About a week or so later, they presented the boy with a $150 check, explaining they felt his honesty should be praised and advocated.Evidently the virtues of honesty and kindness have become commodities that, like everything else, are subject to inflation.
What does this absurd episode say about our society? It seems the role models our children look up to these days—in this case, teachers—are more confused about values than their young charges.A young boy, obviously well guided by his parents, finds money that does not belong to him and he returns it.He did the right thing.Yet doing the right thing seems to be insufficient incentive (刺激) for action in our modern world.The greed of the 1980s has left us with the ever－present question:
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what's in it for me? The promise of the golden rule—that someone might do a good turn for you someday—merits only scorn(讥笑) in the materialistic and fast－paced society of the 1990s.In fact, it is this fast pace that worsens the problem.Modern communications have pushed us into an instant world.With the world racing by us, we have no patience to wait for someone to pay dividends for our good deeds.Immoral virtues are running out of control in our culture.
As a society, we seem to be on the point of losing our internal control—the ethical
boundaries
that
guide
our
actions
and
feelings.Instead,
our_ethical_standards_have_been_eclipsed_by__external_“stuff”_as_a_measure_of_our_worth．We pass this obscene message on to our children.We offer them money for learning how to convert fractions to decimals.Refreshments are given as a reward for reading.In fact, in one national reading program, a party awaits the entire class if each child reads a certain number of books within a four－month period.We call these things incentives, telling ourselves that if we can just reel them in and get them hooked, then the internal rewards will follow.I recently saw a television program where school－age children were featured as the participants in a program that offers a $10 a week “incentive” if they do not try to run away from school again.Isn't the daily dilemma of wandering around on the streets, hungry and thirsty, enough to discourage them from running away again? No, it isn't, because we as a society won't allow it to be.Nothing is permitted to succeed or fail on its own merits anymore.
The simple virtues of honesty, kindness and integrity suffer from an image problem and are in desperate need of better publicity(宣扬)．One way to do this is by example.If my son sees me feeling happy after I've helped a friend clean her basement, then he may do likewise.If my daughter sees me spending a rainy afternoon baking a pumpkin pie instead of spending money at the mall, she may get the message that there are some simple pleasures that don't require a purchase.I fear that in our so－called upwardly mobile world we are on a downward spiral towards becoming morally bankrupt.We may soon make ourselves worthless inside, while desperately clinging to a shell of appearances.
本文是一篇议论文。作者由一个八岁男孩拾金不昧的故事对价值观念展开了探讨，目的是要让我们明白：金钱买不来道德。
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45．What does the underlined word “stinginess” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Being greedy for profits. B．Being seen as ridiculous. C．Being indifferent to others. D．Being reluctant to spend money.
D [词义猜测题。根据画线词的前一句到这一段的最后一句可以猜出stinginess的词为不愿意花钱与D项所述相同。]
46．Teachers raising money for the boys are those who ________． A．believe virtue should not get rewarded B．think an adequate reward is not a must C．are at a loss as to values and goods D．get angry that honesty gets no rewards
C [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句内容可知答案C。]
47．Which of the following is TRUE about people's values in the 1980s and the 1990s?
A. Doers of good deeds in the 1990s would get teased.
B．Many people in the 1990s were anxious to get rewarded for doing good deeds. C．The internal control in the 1980s caused a serious ethical problem. D．People in the 1980s deserved more of wealth than what was necessary. B [推理判断题。第三段第六句中提到，早在20世纪80年代，人性中贪婪的一面就给我们留下了至今都会有人提出的问题：我能从做好事中得到什么？结合下句中的materialistic一词可知，B项说法更接近当时人们的价值观。]
48．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Our deciding internal factors have lost their grounds. B．External incentives have corrupted our ethical standards. C．Wealth has become the only measure of our ethical standards. D．Ethical standards guiding our actions and feelings have changed. B [句意理解题。根据画线句及该段的后文内容可知答案为B。] 49．What can be inferred from the passage? A. The author passes positive energy to society.
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