UT 探伤工艺 翻译版

巴基斯坦CMEC项目机电超声波检测工艺

1.依据标准 Reference

ASME 第V 卷第5章（2007年）. ASTM第Ⅷ卷第一册（2001年）;

GB11345-89钢焊缝手工超声波探伤方法和探伤结果分级

ASME Section V, Chapter 5 (2007); ASTM Section Ⅷ, Division 1 (2001)

GB11345-89: Method for Manual Ultrasonic Testing and Classification of Testing Results for Ferritic Steel Welds.

2.人员资格 Personnel Qualification

从事本工程超声波检测的人员，应经过专门的职业资格培训，并取得国家有关部门颁发的Ⅱ级以上UT检验资格证书，并负相应的技术责任。

The UT inspector in this project shall receive the vocational qualifications training and gain the qualifications certificate which is equal or above Level Ⅱ issued by the related national authority, and take the technical responsibility. 3.仪器设备 Instrument

4.1仪器 Instrument

使用HS620型数字式超声波检测仪。 HS620 Digital Ultrasonic Detector 4.2探头Probe

使用2.5P9×9K3、2.5P13×13K2、2.5P13×13K1等型号的横波斜探头 Angle probes with transverse wave including 2.5P9×9K3、2.5P13×13K2、2.5P13×13K1 will be used. 4. 耦合剂 couplant

5.1耦合剂：工业浆糊。 Couplant: Industrial paste

5.2 耦合剂包括填加剂不应损害被检测材料。

The paste and the additive shall not damage the inspected material. 5.校验试块 Calibration Block

基准校准试块Basic Calibration Block

基准校验试块如图1、2所示，它包括基准校验用的各个反射体，用于确定设备的起始参考灵敏度, 以绘制距离---幅度校正曲线，其材质为Q235B，单位为mm，表面粗糙度为≤3.2μm，尺寸误差不大于±0.05mm。

The basic calibration block in figure 1, 2 contains all its reflectors which are used to

check the initial reference sensitivity of the ultrasonic detector for drawing the Distance-Range calibration curve. The material of the block is Q235B with its unit in mm. The surface roughness of the block shall be equal or less than 3.2μm and the dimension tolerance shall be less than ±0.05mm.

150

图figure 1. CSK-1B试块 test block

T=76 150

图figure 2 RB-2试块 test block

6. 检测步骤 inspection steps

6.1 超声波检测流程: Inspection flow chart

无损检测委托单 Inspection commission sheet of NDT 明确检测要求确定检测工艺 confirm the detection requirement and the procedure 表面制备 Polish the surface 校验DAC 曲线 校正探头 probe calibrtion 涂耦合剂Daub the counplant 标志缺陷部位 Mark the defects Calibrate the DAC curve 确定检测灵敏度 Confirm the sensitivity 探头选择 probe selection 初检(三种移动探头方式) Initial inspection(four probes) 精检测(定性,定量,定位) accurate detection (qualitative, quantitative, positioning) 资料存档 File archiving 写标记 Mark the 填写检测记录 do records defect by painting 发出报告 submit the report 6.2 操作技术要点 Major points in operation techniques

在外观检查合格后，方可进行检测。

Detection can be done after the visual inspection qualified.

6.3检测前，应了解被检工件设计要求、焊缝验收标准、合格级别、检测比例、焊接工艺、坡口形式、板厚、材质等情况。

Before the detection, the designed requirement, welding inspection standard, qualification grade, detection ratio, welding procedure, groove type, plate thickness and the material shall be acknowledged.

6.4 根据检测厚度及可能出现缺陷的部位，选择探头角度(K值)及频率，然后在相应的试块上制作DAC曲线。

Select the probe (K value) and frequency as per the thickness of the detected article and the probable defect location; then record the DAC curve on the UT machine by touching the corresponding test block.

6.5检测操作：检测前消除探头移动区的飞溅、蚀、油污等杂物，以保持良好的声学接触。用直射波扫查检测平面型反射体，按本方案要求的范围对整个焊缝体积以及邻近的母材进行平面型反射体的检测，按照所述进行校准，当被检测材料两个表面平行时，应当以材料的底面反射来验证超声的穿透情况。

Examination: spatters, rust, oil dirt and other foreign matters shall be removed from probes moving area, so as to ensure good acoustic contact. The examination for planar reflectors shall be performed on the entire volume of weld and adjacent base material to the extent required by the Method Statement. The calibration shall be performed as described wherein. Penetration shall be verified

by obtaining a reflection from an opposite surface of the material being examined when two surfaces are parallel.

扫查的范围：如有可能应在同一表面上从焊缝的两侧对需检测的体积进行扫查，如果因为部件的外形或相邻部分的几何形状而无法在焊缝两侧进行扫查，则应将这种情况写入检测报告中。

Scan range: if possible, scan the detected article on both sides of the welding. If there has some problems in scanning due to the shape of the detected article or its surrounding items, these situations shall be recorded in the detection report.

6.6斜射波扫查 angle beam scanning

6.6.1用斜射波探头从垂直于焊缝轴线的两个方向对需检测的体积进行扫查。如有可能，每一次检测都应从两个方向进行，即从焊缝两侧以相反方向对着焊缝移动和从平行于焊缝的相反方向沿着焊缝移动，在这些检测中，每一方向都应当用标称角度为45度、60度、70度的波束。用70度波可以覆盖深25毫米或者1/4壁厚的近表面缺陷，两者取远者，还应对附加的t/4范围进行斜射波检测，该检测应以与45度和60度检测要求相同的方向进行。

The examination volume shall be scanned with angle beam probes directed both at right angles to the weld axis and along the weld axis. Wherever feasible, each examination shall be performed in two directions, i.e., approaching the weld from opposite directions and parallel to the weld from opposite directions, with beams 45 deg., 60 deg. and 70 deg. The beam of 70 deg. can cover surface defects in the depth of 25mm or 1/4 of thickness. The additional t/4 volume angle beam examination shall be conducted with 45 deg. and 60 deg. in same direction.

6.6.2扫查取向平行于焊缝的反射体

Scanning for reflectors oriented parallel to the weld

斜射波探头应垂直对准焊缝轴线，而且探头的操作应能使超声波束

扫过整个焊缝金属，在检测体积内的邻近焊缝的母材，.必须用两个角度的波束作全面扫查。但不需要从两个方向用两个角度的波束作全面扫查，任何两个角度波束的组合均能满足要求。当超声波束基本上垂直于焊缝平面时(如从接管内孔或法兰面进行检测时为平等于材料的表面)，波束的角度从一个方向已足以完全覆盖焊缝应是可容许的，还应对附加的t/4范围按这些要求在离表面1/4的厚度范围内进行斜射波检测。

The angle beam probes shall be aimed at right angles to the weld axis,

with the probes manipulated so that the ultrasonic beams pass through the entire volume of weld metal. The adjacent base metal in the examination volume must be completely scanned by two angle beams, but need not be completely scanned by both angle beams from both directions (any combination of two angle beams will satisfy the requirement). Where the ultrasonic beams are directed essentially normal to the plane of the weld (parallel to the surface of the material, as when the examination is conducted from the nozzle bore or flange face), beam angles sufficient to provide complete coverage of the weld from one direction shall be acceptable. The additional t/4 volume angle beam examination shall comply with these requirements within 1/4 of the thickness from the examination surface.

6.6.3扫查与焊缝成垂直方向的反射体

Scanning for reflectors oriented transverse to the weld

斜射波探头的对准方向应平行于纵缝和环缝的轴线，探头的操作应能使能使超声波束扫过整个焊缝金属。扫查应尽可能从两个互相成180度的方向进行，受几何条件限制的区域，则应至少从一个方向进行检测，还应对附加的t/4范围按这些要求在离表面1/4的厚度范围进行斜射波检测。

The angle beam probes shall be aimed parallel to the axis of longitudinal

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