2013新版人教版英语七年级下册各单元语法及习题(5)

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Unit 3 How do you get to school?

点 击 要 点

一. 重点单词： take

二. 重点短语：

must worry so

坐火车/地铁 依靠，取决与 担心 远离 坐船 少数 与??不同 需要做某事 骑自行车

三. 词汇辨析.：

1. take/spend/pay/cost

spend，cost，take和pay都可以表示―花费‖，但用法却不尽相同。 spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：

(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。

(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示―值‖， 常见用法如下： (1)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱, 某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：

(1) It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

(2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。

(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例：Don't worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。

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(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。

（5）pay money back 还钱。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。 即学即练：

1) He often much time playing computer games. 2) It usually her two hours to do her homework. 3) How much did the new cell phone you? 4) Allan 380 yuan for the e-dictionary.

2. get to/ arrive in/arrive at/ reach

reach后不用加介词如 I reach school.

get要加介词，但接副词时不用如THERE HOME HERE get to直接加地方

arrive in/at也直接加地方，但IN 是大地方，AT是小地方

reach,get,get to,arrive in/at都是及物动词，但arrive 不加介词时是不及物动词，可以不加宾语.

如:I arrive 我到达了。

不能说I reach,/get/,get to,它们后面要加宾语。 即学即练：

1)—When can you school? --I get to school at seven. 2) They Beijing yesterday. 3) They the bus stop. 4) We home at six.

3. other/others/the others/the other/another

1.other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是―别的，其他‖，泛指―其他的（人或物）‖。如： Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗？ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧！ Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。

2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如： On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。 3.others是other的复数形式，泛指―另外几个‖，―其余的‖。在句中可作主语、宾语。如： Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧！ There are no others. 没有别的了。

4.the others意思是―其他东西，其余的人‖。特指某一范围内的―其他的（人或物）‖。是the other的复数形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。.the others=.the other+可数名词复数

5.another=an other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的―另一个‖，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如： I don‘t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters.

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One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人 即学即练：

1) Lin Feng always help people.

2) The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, is an engineer.

3) Many people are in the park. Some are taking a walk, are flying kites. 4)Would you like cup of coffee? 4. a number of /the number of

a number of 是指―大量的‖,后面的动词是复数形式 e.g. A number of our classmates love English.

the number of 是指―......的数量‖，后面的动词是单数形式 e.g. The number of our classmates is 45. 即学即练：

1) A number of students reading in the classroom. 2) The number of students in our class 56.

四. 重点句：

1. --How do you get to school?—I ride my bike. 2. How far is it from your home to school? 3. It takes me twenty-five minutes to school. 4. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!

5. What do you think of the transportation in your town?

五. 重点语法： 1. take的用法.

一、 拿，取 I want to take some books to the classroom. 我想拿些书到教室。

二、 吃，喝，服用，放 ① Take this medicine three times a day. 每天吃三次药。 ② Do you take sugar in your milk? 你喝的牛奶里放糖吗？

三、 乘车(船)等 ① Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi? 我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去？ ② They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班。 四、 常常和it连用，it在句子中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。翻译成―花费(时间、金钱)等‖ ① How long will it take you to do your homework every day? 每天做作业要花费你多长时间？

② It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week. 每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。 五、―做……事情‖, 常常和名词连用，表示与该名词意义相关的动作 例如：take a walk散步, take a rest休息一下, take a look看一看等等。 构成常用的重要词组：

1. take away 拿走 Tom takes the knife away from the little boy. 汤姆从小男孩手里把刀拿走了。

2. take care (=be careful=look out) Take care!The car is coming! 小心！车来了！ 3. take (good) care of (好好)照顾，照料 I can take care of the baby all by myself. 我自己能照顾这个小孩。 4. take down 取下来 Take down the picture and put up the map of the world. 摘下这张图画，挂上一幅世界地图。

5. take out 拿出 Please take out a piece of paper and write down your names on it, OK? 拿出一张纸，在上面写下你们的名字，好吗？

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6. take off脱下；飞机(等起飞) ① Sorry! You have to take off your shoes before getting into the computer room. 对不起，在进入微机室之前，先要把你的鞋子脱掉。 ② The plane is going to take off soon. 飞机马上就要起飞了。

7. take one's temperature 量体温 Mingming is ill. The doctor is taking his temperature now. 明明生病了，大夫正在给他量体温。 2.复习一般现在时

基 础 巩 固

一. 单项选择.

( )1. -- did you come here? -- boat. A. How, By B. How long, By C. How, Take ( )2. Health your healthy lifestyle. A. depends B. decides C. depends on ( )3. In North America, most students go to school the school bus. A. by B. take C. on ( )4. My parents are my home in three days.

A. reaching to B. arriving in C. getting to ( )5. –How does it take? –It takes about 10 minutes‘ . A. long, walk B. long, to walk C. far, walking ( )6. The passage is very hard because there are many new words in it.

A. very B. so C. such ( )7. She often a bike to the school. A. takes B. drives C. rides ( )8. The weather in Beijing is that in Changsha. A. far from B. same as C. different from ( )9. The old woman is her lost son.

A. worried about B. worry C. worried ( )10. do you the transportation in your town? A. What, think B. How, think of C. What, think of ( )11. --Can you tell me it is from here to downtown? --Yes, it‘s fifteen minutes by bus. A. how much B. how long C. how far

( )12. Susan‘s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It be very

expensive. A. must B. can C. can‘t

( )13. I know it‘ll me much time to practice it, but I‘m sure I can learn a lot from it. A. spend B. take C. pay ( )14.--The sandwich is delicious. --Would you like one?

A. other B. others C. another ( )15. He to clean the classroom. A. needn‘t B. don‘t need C. doesn‘t need ( )16. books are missing in the library. We must ask the police for help.

A. Much B. A number of C. The number of

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二．一般现在时语法专练。

1. Mike (stay) at home on Sundays. 2. My sister (not like) eggs at all. 3. Li Lei often (carry) water for the old woman. 4. you (get) to school at 7:30 every day? 5. We (begin) class at seven thirty in the morning. 6. My brother (watch) TV every evening. 7. –When they (clean) the house? --They usually (clean) in the afternoon.

8. Light faster than sound(travel).

Pleasure Reading (开心一刻)

Do you Smoke(抽烟)?

―How many cigars do you smoke a day?‖ ―About ten.‖

―How much do they cost you?‖ ―Twenty cents a piece.‖

―Oh, that‘s two dollars a day. How long have you been smoking?‖ ―Thirty years.‖

―Two dollars a day for thirty years is a lot of money.‖ ―Yes, it is.‖

―Do you see that office building on the corner?‖ ―Yes.‖

―If you had never smoked in your life, you might own(拥有) that fine building.‖ ―Do you smoke?‖ ―No, never did.‖

―Do you own that building?‖ ―No.‖

―Well, I do.‖

猜猜划线部分单词的意思: cigar.

能 力 拓 展

一．阅读训练。

一) 完形填空(课堂限时训练)。

In Great Britain, there are many rules(遵守) to make the roads safe, but sometimes people do not obey the rules. They are careless. If everyone obey the rules, the roads will be much safer. What shall we do then?

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