77范文网 - 专业文章范例文档资料分享平台

初中英语语法-中考复习大全(4)

来源:网络收集 时间:2019-01-07 下载这篇文档 手机版
说明:文章内容仅供预览,部分内容可能不全,需要完整文档或者需要复制内容,请下载word后使用。下载word有问题请添加微信号:或QQ: 处理(尽可能给您提供完整文档),感谢您的支持与谅解。点击这里给我发消息

1.并列: and, both…and…, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, as well as, so, when, and (then)<顺延> 2.转折: but, while, however, yet, still 3.选择: or, either…or…, not…but… 4.因果: for, so , therefore 3.常见的并列句 1). 并列关系 (1). and“和”

a). Work hard and you will pass the exam. 努力学习吧,你会通过考试的。 b). They sat down and talked about something. 他们作者并在谈论着什么。 (2). both … and …“……和……(都)”与both of“……(两个)都” a). Both my father and mother are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。 b). Both of them like singing. 他们两个人都喜欢唱歌。 (3). not only … but also …“不但/不仅……而且……”

a). He likes not only playing basketball , but also playing football. 他不仅喜欢打篮球,还喜欢踢足球。 b), Not only you but also my brother likes playing football. 不仅是你,我的弟弟也喜欢踢足球。

c). Not only does he likes reading stories , but also he can even wite some. 他不仅喜欢看故事,还会写故事呢。 ( not only … but also …连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词就近保持一致。如b),但是当它连接两个分句,且not only 位于句首时,第一个分句必须倒装。 如c) ) (4). neither … nor …“既不……也不……”

a). He can neither speak nor read French. 他既不会说也不会读法语。 b). Neither you nor he is right. 你与他都不正确。 (5). as well as“(除此之外)还……”“也”

a). He as well as his children is happy. 他还有他的孩子们都非常幸福。 b). She is clever as well as beautiful. 她既聪明又漂亮。 2). 转折关系 (1). but“但是”

a). The boy is little but strong. 那个男孩很小,但是很有力气。

b). He failed many times , but he didn?t despair. 他失败了多次但并不气馁。 (2). while“然而”“而”

a). Tom was rich while his brother was very poor. 汤姆非常富有,然而他的哥哥非常穷。

b). Some people love dogs , while others hate them. 一些人非常喜欢狗,然而有些人非常讨厌狗。 (3). however“然而”“另外”

a). He was ill however he went to school. 他生病了,然而照旧去上学了。

b). She leaves her bedroom windows open , however cold it is.(倒装) 无论天气多么冷,她都敞着卧室的窗户。 (4). yet“然而”

a). It?s very good , yet I don?t like it. 这个的确很好,但是我不喜欢。

b). I got up very early , (and) yet I failed to catch the first bus. 我起得很早,然而还是没有赶上早班车。 (5). still“一直”“仍然”

a). I worked the whole night , and still didn?t finish the work. 我工作了一整夜,然而仍旧没有完成工作。 b). He is tired , (but) still he will make another experiment. 他很累,但他仍然要做另一个实验。 3). 选择关系

(1). or , or else , otherwise ( 在否定句中,or一般与else连用,书面语中常用otherwise )“不然”“否则” a). Hurry up , or you?ll be late for school. 快点儿,不然你上学就迟到了。 b). Study hard , or you?ll fail in the exam. 努力学习,否则你会考试不及格。 (2). either … or …“或者……或者……”“要么……要么……” a). Either you come or he is right. 要么你是对的,要么他是对的。

b). Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来,或者我到你那去。 (3). not … but …“不是……而是……”

a). His mother did not scold him but comforted him instead. 他母亲并没有责怪他,而是安慰他。 b). He isn’t at school but at home today. 今天他没有在学校而是在家。 4). 因果关系

- 15 - (1). for ( for连接的句子为前面的推断提出根据,或者说出前面的事实后,又想起来补充说明一下原因,因此,for为并列连词时,不能置于两个并列句的句首,只能把它放在两个分句之间。)“因为” a). They must be friends for they are always together. 他们总在一起,一定是朋友。 b). She doesn?t go to school today , for she is ill. 她今天没去上学,(因为)她生病了。 c). We had better stay at home , for it is raining. 我们最好呆在家里,因为正在下雨。 (2). so , therefore ( 一般只用于书面文体中 )“所以”“因此”

a). He failed in the exam , so he was unhappy these days. 他考试不及格,所以这些天总是闷闷不乐的。 b). He didn?t work hard , therefore he failed in the examination. 他学习不努力,因此这次考试不及格。 六.

做句子成分的句子叫从句,做什么成分就叫什么从句;任何从句的语序都是陈述语序。 (一)状语从句

一个句子作另一个句子的状语叫状语从句。状语从句放在主句的后面,如果强调状语,状语从句也可以放在 主句的前面,用逗号与主句隔开。 1.时间状语从句:

1).引导词:before, after, as, when, while, since, not…until, as soon as和once等。 2).时态:

(1).before, after, when, not…until, as soon as引导的时间状语从句,如果事情没有发生用“主将从现”(“主将”有三种表现:(a).“will+动词原形”的一般将来时。(b).祈使句 (c).含有情态动词的一般现在时);如果事情发生了就用“主过从过”(“主过”有两种表现:(a).一般过去时 (b).现在完成时)如: a). I?ll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就给你写信。(主将从现) b). Tell her about it when/before/after she comes back. 当她回来时/之前/之后告诉她。(主将从现) c). I can’t go home until I finish my homework. 直到完成作业我才回家。(主将从现) d). She couldn’t ride a bike until she was ten. 她直到10岁才会骑自行车。(主过从过)

e).After Michael left school, she went to Li Kangkang?s home. 迈克尔离校后,就去康康家了。 f).His family has still lived in Sizhan after the boy started to study in Sizan Middle School.

这个男孩开始在四站中学上学后,他家就一直住在四站。(主过从过)

(2).since(自从……以来)引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。 如: a).She has never gone back since she came last month.她自从上个月以来,就没回去。 (3).while(当……时候/在……期间/在……过程中)引导的时间状语从句,从句的谓语动词表示状态或延续的动作,不能用短暂性动词。如果主句的动作发生在while从句的动作或状态之中,从句用过去进行时表示动作过程,用一般过去时的系表结构表示状态,而主句则用一般过去时。如:

a).While he was doing my homework, the lights went out.他做作业时,灯灭了。(动作) b).Someone called me up while your mother was at home. 当你妈妈在家时,有人来电话了。(状态)

如果while(而)引导的句子与另一个句子的动作相伴随或对比发生,这时可用when来替换,两个句子时态一致,一般都用过去进行时。 如:

a).I was listening to music while/when he was reading. 我在听音乐而他在看书。

b).What were you doing while your mother was cooking. ? 你妈妈在做饭时,你在做什么? (4). as(一边……一边/同时)引导的句子与另一个句子的动作相伴发生,时态一致。 如: a). She read a letter as she walked along the river.她在河边一边散步,一边读信。

b).The man rides a donkey as he reads a singing notebook. 这个人一边骑驴一边看唱本。

(5). once(“一旦……就”相当于as soon as)引导的时间状语从句,从句都用一般现在时。 如:

a). Once you get into a bad habit, you’ll find it hard to get out of it.一旦染上坏习惯,想改掉就难了。 b).Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to help them. 嗷,他们一旦发现需要帮助的人们,就会选择合适的方式来帮助他们。 2.地点状语

1).引导词:where (在那儿) , wherever (无论在哪儿) 如:

a) Where there is a will , there is a way.有志者,事竟成。

b).Wherever we are, we should work hard.无论在哪儿,我们都应该努力工作。 3.条件状语从句

- 16 - 1).引导词:if , unless (除非/如果不) , as long as (只要) 2).时态:

“主将从现”从句是一种假设的条件,用一般现在时来表达;在这一条件下,将要发生的事情,用“will+动词原形”的一般将来时或相当于将来时的祈使句、“情态动词+动词原形”的一般现在时来表达。 如: a). If everyone obeys the traffic rules, the road will be much safe. 如果每个人都遵守交通规则,那么道路就会安全得多。 b).Open the door if we are all here.如果我们都来了,就开门。 c). We can go to Bali Old City by bike if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,我们就能骑自行车去八里城了。

d).Unless you hurry up, you’ll be late.除非你快点儿,否则就会晚。

e). You?ll make great progress as long as you stick to reading English every day. 只要你每天读英语,你定会取得很大进步的 4.原因状语从句

1).引导词:because(因为) , since (既然) , as (由于,因为) , for (因为) (在语气上,because最重,其次是since , as 而for语气最弱。) (1).because表示直接的原因或理由,常表示必然的因果关系。(回答why引导的特殊疑问句,只能用because) 如: a). He looks tired because he studies late night and didn?t get enough sleep. 他看起来很疲惫是因为昨天晚上他学习太晚没有休息好。 (2).since表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因,比as正式。 如:

a). Since no one is against it, let?s carry out the plan. 既然没人反对,我们就执行这个计划吧。 (3).as表示对方已经知道的原因。 如:

a). As Maria wasn?t ready in time, we began having the lesson without her. 由于玛利亚未及时准备好,我们没等她就上课了。

(4). for引导时间状语从句,不用于句首;for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明,且for前常有逗号。 如: a). The days are short , for it is December now.白天短了,因为已是12月了。 5.结果状语从句:

1).引导词:so that (结果) , so…that或such…that (如此……以至于……) , so (因此) 2). so…that…; such…that…句子结构:

形容词

形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数

主语 + 动词 + so + many/few + 可数名词复数 + that从句

much/little + 不可数名词

副词

a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数

主语 + 动词 + such + + that从句

形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 如: a).Jane is so careful a girl that she has never left his school things at school. 简是个很细心的女孩儿,以至于她从来也不把学习用品落在学校。 b).She is such a clever student that every teacher likes her a lot. 她是一个这么聪明的学生,每个老师都非常喜欢她。

c).The book was written in such simple English that we could understand it easily. 这本书用如此简单的英语写成,我们很容易就能够理解。 6.目的状语从句:

1).引导词:so that (以便,以至于), so…that (如此……以便于……), in order that (为了)so that / so…that…引导目的状语从句时,从句的谓语动词常有can , could , may , might , will , would , should 等情态动词。 如: a). Mingming bought so English books that he can study English better. 明明买了很多英语书以便于他能更好地学习英语。

- 17 - b).People started to wear clothes so that they could protect themselves from the sun, wind, rain and cold.人们开始穿衣是为了免受日晒、风吹、雨淋和寒冷的侵袭。

c).They sent the book by e-mail in order that it might reach us in good time. 他们将这本书通过电子邮件寄送,以便我们可以及时收到。 7.让步状语从句 1).引导词:(al)though (虽然) , but (但是) , however (反而,仍然) , even though /even if (即使,尽管,纵然) , no matter (不管,无论)

2).英语句式中,though与but however不能同时使用,但可以和yet (然而) still (还是) 同时使用。 a). The story is short , but there are many new words in it . 虽然这个故事很短,但是(还是)有很多新词在里面。

b).Though the student studies hard , his grade hasn?t been high yet 虽然这个学生努力,但是他的成绩还是不高。

8.方式状语从句 1).引导词:as (按照,如同) , just as (就像) , as if / as though (好像)

a).We should put on a short play just as did it at the English Corner last time. 我们应该表演一个短剧,就像上次在英语角里表演的那个一样。 b). We must do as our teacher told us.我们必须按照我们老师说的去做。 c).She acted as if/as though nothing had happened.她装作什么也没发生。 9.比较状语从句

1).比较连词:than (比……) , as (和……一样) 如:

a). Jack works harder than any of the others (work hard) in his class. 杰克比他班任何一个(同学)学习都用功。

b). It is not as/so easy as you think.他不如你想的容易。 (二)宾语从句

(句子作宾语叫宾语从句。常接宾语从句的词有:say , tell , ask , think , hear , know , hope , guess , believe , decide , wonder等动词;afraid , sure , sorry , glad , happy等表语形容词。) 1.语序:从句都要陈述语序

将下列句子合并成宾语从句,并体会宾语从句的陈述语序

a). They are waiting for the bus. (肯定句)He said. He said (that) they were waiting for the bus.(宾语从句) b). Will Lucy be back soon?(一般疑问句)Do you know? Do you know if Lucy will be back soon? (宾语从句) c). What did they think of?(特殊疑问句)Do you know? Do you know what they thought of? (宾语从句) d). Who are they waiting for?(特殊疑问句)You know. You know who they are waiting for. (宾语从句) 2.引导词:(连接宾语从句的连接词叫宾语从句的引导词。) 1).that:引导陈述句,本身无词义,可省略。 如:

a). Do you know (that) US college students created an “ online marketplace” on campus ?

你知道两个美国大学生在校园内创办了一个“网上市场”吗?b). I think (that) he?ll all right in a few days. 我想他几天后就会好了。

2).if / whether:引导一般疑问句,含义“是否”。 如:

a). He wondered whether/if he passed this exam. 他想知道他是否通过了这次考试。 b). I don?t know if it will rain tomorrow. 我想知道明天是否有雨。 3).特殊疑问词:引导特殊疑问句,有含义作句子成分。如:

a). He asked who could answer the question. 他问谁能回答这个问题。 b). I don?t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁。

c). Tell me what you want. 告诉我你想要什么。 d). He didn?t tell me when we would meet again. 他没告诉我说明时候我们再见面。 e). Could you tell me how I can get there ? 你能否告诉我如何到达那里?

f). None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 我们中没有人知道在哪里可以买到这些新零件。 3.时态:

1). 主句为一般现在时或一般将来时,从句用所需的各种时态。 如:

a). Mr.Green says that the snow was very heavy last month. 格林先生说上个月的那场雪很大。

b). Do you know if they will come and have dinner with us ? 你知道他们是否会来和我们一起吃饭吗?

- 18 - c). She will tell me (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。 2). 如果主句是过去时,从句要用过去的某种时态。(过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时) 如: a). He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时) b). He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他将照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时) c). The scientists didn’t know why the dinosaurs had disappeared.科学家们不知道恐龙为什么会灭绝。(过去完成

时)

d). He wrote to tell me that they would leave for Beijing next month.他写信告诉我,下个月他们将去北京。(过去

将来时)

3). 如果宾语从句表示客观真理、自然规律,永远都用一般现在时,不受主句的时态限制。 如: a). Our teacher told us that the moon goes around the earth. 老师告诉我们月球绕着地球转。 b). She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她说她父亲比她大28岁。 c). He said that there are four seasons in China. 他说中国有四个季节。

4). Could you tell me …为主句的宾语从句,Could you tell me…?为委婉语气的一般现在时,从句不受限制。如: a). Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is ? 你能告诉我最近的医院在哪吗? 4.宾语从句用法歌诀: 宾语从句三要素,时态、语序、引导词。主句若是过去时,主从时态要一致。宾从表达是真理,一般现在代过去。引导词也不难,陈述要用that连;一般问句表“是否”,if/whether来牵线; 特殊问句作宾从,疑问词引导要先行。还有一点要说明,陈述语气要记清。 5.作宾语从句选择题技巧口诀: 看看有无引导词,时态是否要受限,陈述语序乱不乱,(句尾标点随主变) 6.whether与if的区别: 一般情况可互换,但下列情况要使用whether

1).在正式文体中,whether后可直接跟or not,但if不能。(口语中if可以) 如: a). I don?t know whether he will come or not. 我不知道他来还是不来。

b). Do you know whether it is a bird or not ? 你知道它是不是鸟吗? 2).whether引导的宾语从句可以移到句首,而if不能。 如:

a). Whether they will go to Beijing we want to know. 我想知道他们是否去北京。 3). 介词后用whether , 不用if 。 如:

a). They are talking about whether he will win the game. 他们在谈论他是否能赢得比赛。 b). Everything depends on whether you agree with us. 一切都取决于你是否赞同我们。 c). The prblem lies in whether he would like to teach you. 问题在于他是否愿意教你。 4).不定式前用whether,而不用if。 如:

a). I don?t know whether to go. 我不知道是否去。

5).whether可引导其它从句,如主语从句、表语从句等,但if不能。 6).discuss等动词引导的宾语从句用whether不用if。

a). They are discussing whether they will start at ten. 他们正在讨论是否十点钟出发。 7.从句本身即为主谓语序的特殊疑问句,变宾语从句要注意语序不变。如: a).He asked what was wrong with you.他问你怎么啦。

b).I want to know who is running now.我想知道谁现在正在跑。 (三)定语从句

1.定语从句是由句子作定语,修饰句子中的某一名词或代词,或修饰整个主句,相当于形容词,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后,用引导词连接,基本结构为:“先行词+引导词+定语从句” 2.引导词的用法:

1).关系代词:who , whom , whose , which , that

(1).who指人,在定语从句中作主语或表语,其谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致,也可用that替换。 如: Do you know the man who came to see Mr. Li this morning ?你知道今天早上来看李老师的那个人吗? (2).whom指人,在定语从句中只作宾语,口语中可以用who代替。如:

He is a man (whom) we should all learn from.他是一位我们都应该学习的人。 (3).whose多指人,在定语从句中只作定语。 如:

- 19 -

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读,免费范文网,提供经典小说综合文库初中英语语法-中考复习大全(4)在线全文阅读。

初中英语语法-中考复习大全(4).doc 将本文的Word文档下载到电脑,方便复制、编辑、收藏和打印 下载失败或者文档不完整,请联系客服人员解决!
本文链接:https://www.77cn.com.cn/wenku/zonghe/407837.html(转载请注明文章来源)
Copyright © 2008-2022 免费范文网 版权所有
声明 :本网站尊重并保护知识产权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果我们转载的作品侵犯了您的权利,请在一个月内通知我们,我们会及时删除。
客服QQ: 邮箱:tiandhx2@hotmail.com
苏ICP备16052595号-18
× 注册会员免费下载(下载后可以自由复制和排版)
注册会员下载
全站内容免费自由复制
注册会员下载
全站内容免费自由复制
注:下载文档有可能“只有目录或者内容不全”等情况,请下载之前注意辨别,如果您已付费且无法下载或内容有问题,请联系我们协助你处理。
微信: QQ: