mountainsatasteadytwentymilesperhour;sometimes,whenadownwardslopefavouredit,itthrewcautiontothewindsandcareered（猛冲）alonginarecklessfashionattwenty-five.
Forthefirstthirtymilestheredearthroadwounditswaythroughthelowlandforest,thegianttreesstandinginsolidranksalongsideandtheirbranchesentwined（盘绕）inanarchwayofleavesaboveus.Slowlyandalmostimperceptiblytheroadstartedtoclimbupwards,loopingits-6-wayinlanguidcurvesroundtheforestedhills.Inthebackofthelorrytheboyslifteduptheirvoicesinsong:
Homeagain,homeagain,WhenshallIseemahome?
Thedriverhummedtherefrain（副歌）softlytohimselfglancingatmetoseeifIwouldobject.TohissurpriseIjoinedinandsowhilethelorryrolledonwards,theboysinthebackmaintainedthechoruswhilethedriverandIharmonizedandsangcomplicatedbits.
Breaksintheforestbecamemorefrequentthehigherweclimbed,andpresentlyanewtypeofundergrowthbegantoappear:massivetree-fernsstandingattheroadsideontheirthick,squat,hairytrunks.Thesefernsweretheguardiansofanewworld,forsuddenly,asthoughthehillshadshruggedthemselvesfreeofacloak,theforestdisappeared.Itlaybehindusinthevalley,whileaboveusthehillsiderosemajestically,coveredinacoatofwaist-highgrass.Thelorrycrepthigherandhigher,theenginegaspingandshudderingwiththisunaccustomedactivity.Ibegantothinkthatweshouldhavetopushthewretchedthingupthelasttwoorthreehundredfeet,buttoeveryone’ssurprisewemadeit,andthelorrycreptontothebrowofthehill,tremblingwithfatigue,spoutingsteamfromitsradiatorlikeadyingwhale.Wecrawledtoastandstillandthedriverswitchedofftheengine.
“Wemustwaitsmall-time,enginegethot,”heexplained,pointingtotheforequartersofthelorry,whichwerebynowcompletelyinvisibleunderacloudofsteam.ThankfullyIdescendedfromthered-hotinsideofthecabandstrolleddowntowheretheroaddippedintothenextvalley.FromthisvantagepointIcouldseethecountrywehadtravelledthroughandthecountryweweretoenter.18.Whichofthefollowingwordsinthefirstparagraphisusedliterally?
A.Flush.B.Borders.C.Gasping.D.Operations.
19.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthorregardstheinadequaciesofthelorryas_____.
A.inevitableandamusingB.dangerousandfrighteningC.novelandunexpectedD.welcomeandinteresting20.AllthefollowingwordsinthelastbutoneparagraphdescribethelorryasahumanEXCEPT_______.
A.tremblingB.spoutingC.shuddering
6D.crept
21.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe_______.
A.AjourneythatscaredmeB.ThewildWestAfricanlorryC.Ajourneytoremember
D.AcomicjourneyinWestAfricaPASSAGEFOUR
HaveyouevernoticedacertainsimilarityinpublicparksandbackgardensinthecitiesoftheWest?AubiquitouswoodlandmixoflawngrassesandtreeshasfounditswaythroughoutEuropeandtheUnitedStates,andit’snowspreadtoothercitiesaroundtheworld.AsecologistPeterGroffmanhasnoted,it'sincreasinglydifficulttotellonesuburbapartfromanother,evenwhenthey'relocatedinvastlydifferentclimatessuchasPhoenix,Arizona,orBostoninthemuchchilliernorth-eastoftheUS.AndwhydoparksinNewZealandoftenfeaturethesamespeciesoftreesthatgrowontheothersideoftheworldintheUK?
InspiredbytheEnglishandNewEnglandcountrysides,earlylandscapearchitectsofthe19thcenturycreatedanaestheticforurbanpublicandprivateopenspacethatpersiststothisday.Butinthe21stcentury,urbangreenspaceistaskedwithdoingfarmorethansimplyprovidingaestheticappeal.Fromnaturalsystemstodealwithsurfacewaterrun-offandpollutiontogreencorridorstoincreasinginterestinurbanfoodproduction,theurbanparksofthefuturewillbedesignedandengineeredforfunctionalityaswellasforbeauty.
Imaginetravellingamongthecitiesofthemid-21stcenturyandfindingauniquesetofurbanlandscapesthatcapturelocalbeauty,naturalandculturalhistory,andtheenvironmentalcontext.Theyaretunedtotheirlocality,anddiversewithinaswellasacrosscities.Therearepatchesthatprovideshadeandcooling,placesoflocalfoodproduction,andcorridorsthatconnectbothresidentsandwildlifetothesurroundingnativeenvironment.Theirfunctionsaremeasuredandmonitoredtomeettheuniqueneedsofeachcityforfoodproduction,wateruse,nutrientrecycling,andhabitat.Notwogreenspacesarequitethesame.
Plannersarealreadystartingtoworktowardsthisvision.Andifthismovementhasabuzzworditis“hyperfunctionality”–designswhichprovidemultipleusesinaconfinedspace.Atthemoment,urbanlandscapesarehighlymanagedandlimitedintheirspatialextent.Eventhe\citiesofthefuturewillcontainextensiveareasofbuildings,roads,railways,andotherbuiltstructures.Thesefuturecitiesarelikelytocontainahigherproportionofgreencoverthanthecitiesoftoday,withanincreasingfocusonplantingonroofs,verticalwalls,andsurfaceslikecarparks.Butbuiltenvironmentswillstillbeever-presentindensemegacities.Wecangreatlyenhancetheutilityofgreenspacethroughdesignsthatprovidearangeofdifferentusesinaconfinedspace.Ahyperfunctionalplanting,forexample,mightbedesignedtoprovidefood,shade,wildlifehabitat,andpollutionremovalallinthesamegardenwiththerightchoiceofplantsandmanagementpractices.
Whatthismeansisthatwehavetomaximizethebenefitsandusesofurbanparks,whileminimizingthecostsofbuildingandmaintainingthem.Currently,greenspaceandstreetplantingsarerelativelysimilarthroughouttheWesternworld,regardlessofdifferencesinlocalclimate,geography,andnaturalhistory.
7Evendesertcitiesfeaturethesamesizablestreettreesandwell-wateredandwell-fertilizedlawnsthatyoumightseeinmoretemperateclimes.Themovementtoreducetheresourcesandwaterrequirementsofsuchurbanlandscapesinthesearidareasiscalled\–aconceptthathasso-farreceivedmixedresponsesintermsofpublicacceptance.ScottYabikuandcolleaguesattheCentralArizonaPhoenixprojectshowedthatnewcomerstothedesertembracexeriscapingmorethanlong-timeresidents,whoaremorelikelytopreferthewell-wateredaesthetic.Inpart,thismaybebecausexeriscapingisjustifiedmorebyreducinglandscapingcosts–inthiscasewatercosts–thanbyprovidingdesiredbenefitslikerecreation,pollutionmitigation,andculturalvalue.Fromthisperspective,xeriscapingcanseemmorelikeacompromisethananasset.
Butthereareotherwaystomakeourparksandnaturalspacesdomore.NanEllin,oftheEcologicalPlanningCenterintheUS,advocatesanasset-basedapproachtourbanism.Insteadofenvisioningcitiesintermsofwhattheycan'thave,ecologicalplannersarebeginningtoframethediscussionoffuturecitiesintermsofwhattheydohave-theirnaturalandculturalassets.InUtah’sSaltLakeCity,insteadofcouchingenvironmentalplanningasanissueofresourcescarcity,thefutureparkisdescribedas%urbanism\andthestrongassociationoflocalresidentswiththenaturalenvironmentofthemountainrangesneartheirhome.Fromthisstartingpoint,thelocalclimate,vegetation,patternsofrainandsnowfall,andmountaintopographyarealldeemednaturalassetsthatcreateanewperspectivewhenitcomestocreatingurbangreenspace.InCairns,Australia,thelocalmasterplanembraces%urbanism\thatconveysasenseofplacethroughlandscapingfeatures,whilealsoprovidingimportantfunctionssuchasshadingandcoolinginthistropicalclimate.
Thegloballyhomogenizedlandscapeaesthetic–whichseesparksfromBostontoBrisbanelookingworryinglysimilar–willdiminishinimportanceasfutureurbangreenspacewillbemorereceptivetolocalvaluesandculturalperceptionsofbeauty.Thiswillleadtoafargreaterdiversityofurbanlandscapedesignsthanareapparenttoday.Already,weareseeingnewpurposesforurbanlandscapingthataretransformingthe20thcenturywoodlandparkintobioswales–plantingsdesignedtofilterstormwater–greenroofs,wildlifecorridors,andurbanfoodgardens.However,untilrecentlywehavebeenlackingthedatasetsandscience-basedspecificationsfordesignsthatworktoserveallofthesepurposesatonce.
InNewYorkCity,ThomasWhitlowofCornellUniversitysendshisstudentsthroughtree-linedstreetswithportable,backpack-mountedairqualitymonitors.Athomeinhislaboratory,heplacestreebranchesinwindtunnelstomeasurepollutiondepositionontoleaves.Itturnsoutthatcurrently,manystreettreeplantingsareineffectiveatremovingairpollutants,andinsteadmaytrappollutantsneartheground.Ratherthanrelyingonassumptionsabouttheroleofurbanvegetationinimprovingtheenvironmentandhealth,futurelandscapingdesignswillbeengineeredbasedonempiricaldataandstateoftheartofsimulations.
Newdatasetsontheperformanceofurbanlandscapesarechangingourviewofwhatfutureurbanparkswilllooklikeandwhatitwilldo.Withprecisemeasurementsofpollutantuptake,wateruse,plantgrowthrates,andgreenhousegasemissions,wearebetterabletodesignlandscapesthatrequirelessintensivemanagementandarelesscostly,whileprovidingmoresocialandenvironmentaluses.22.ThefollowingareallfeaturesoffutureurbangreenspaceEXCEPTthat________.
A.eachcityhasitsdistinctstyleofurbangreenspaceB.urbanlandscapewillfocusmoreonculturalhistoryC.urbangreenspacewillbedesignedtoservemanyuses
8D.moregreencoverwillbeseenoncityroofsandwalls
23.Accordingtothepassage,ifplannersadoptanasset-basedapproach,theywillprobably_______.
A.incorporatethearea’snaturalandculturalheritageintotheirdesignB.makecarefulestimationofthearea’snaturalresourcesbeforedesigningC.combinenaturalresourcesandpracticalfunctionsintheirdesignD.envisionmorepurposesforurbanlandscapingintheirdesign24.Accordingtothepassage,futurelandscapingdesignswillrelymoreon_______.
A.humanassumptionsB.scientificestimationC.fieldwork
D.laboratorywork
SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONS
InthissectionthereareeightshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSECTIONA.AnswereachquestioninNOmorethan10wordsinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE
25.Whatisthepurposeoftheexperimentinthebookstore?PASSAGETWO
26.Accordingtothecontext,whatdoestheword“square”mean?PASSAGETHREE
27.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconditionofthelorryfrom“ittotteredonthebordersofseniledecay”?28.Howdidtheauthorhelpthelorrydriverontheway?29.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhelpingthelorrydriver?PASSAGEFOUR
30.Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesurbangreenspacelooksimilarthroughouttheWest?31.Whyaresomelocalresidentsopposedto“xeriscaping”?
32.WhatdidThomasWhitlowofCornellUniversityfindoutabouttreebranches?
PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE
9(15MIN)
ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproof-readthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword,
underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.
markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha\signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.
crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash\andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.
Foramissingword.
Foranunnecessaryword,
EXAMPLE
When/\\artmuseumwantsanewexhibit,
itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangsthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit.
(1)an(2)never(3)exhibitProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHTEEasinstructed.
PARTIVTRANSLATION(25MIN)
TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.
茶花（camellia）的自然花期在12月至翌年4月，以红色系为主，另有黄色系和白色系等，花色艳丽。本届花展充分展示了茶花的品种资源和科研水平，是近三年来本市规模最大的一届茶花展。为了使广大植物爱好者有更多与茶花亲密接触的机会，本届茶花展的布展范围延伸至整个园区，为赏花游客带来便利。
此次茶花展历时2个月，展期内200多个茶花品种将陆续亮相。
10
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