年产170万吨焦炭焦化厂COG净化工艺及设备初步设计

武汉科技大学本科毕业设计

摘 要

焦炉煤气的净化包括焦炉煤气的冷却、化学产品的回收和煤气的输送，如：冷凝鼓风、煤气脱硫、煤气脱氨、煤气终冷、脱苯及粗苯蒸馏等工序，以脱除焦炉煤气中的硫、焦油、萘、氰化氢、氨、苯等杂质和回收焦炉煤气中重要的化学产品。

本设计是年产170万吨焦炭焦炉煤气净化工艺及设备的初步设计。主要包括三部分:一、焦炉煤气净化工艺的文献综述。论述国内和国外焦炉煤气净化的各种工艺的主要原理以及其特点；二、对焦炉煤气净化方案的选择。根据各种焦炉煤气净化工艺的特点，对焦炉煤气净化方案进行了选择。详细叙述了焦炉煤气鼓风冷凝、脱硫、脱氨及粗苯回收四个工段的工艺流程，用横管初冷器来对焦炉煤气进行初冷、用带压力焦油脱水的焦油氨水分离工艺来分离焦油和氨水、用真空碳酸钾法来进行脱硫、用喷淋式饱和器法来进行脱氨、用单塔生产粗苯工艺来回收焦炉煤气中的苯族烃；三、四个工段主要设备的计算和型号的选择。包括焦炉煤气初冷器、机械化氨水澄清槽、煤气鼓风机、电捕焦油器、饱和器、煤气终冷塔、洗苯塔。

关键词： 焦炉煤气； 净化工艺； 化学产品回收； 设备选择与计算

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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计

Abstract

Coke oven gas purification including gas cooling, chemical recovery and transportation of gas，Such as: condensation blast, Coke oven gas desulfurization, removal of ammonia, final cooling wash benzene, crude benzene from benzene and distillation processes.To removal the impurities in the coke oven gas and in order to recover important chemical products from coke oven gas.such as sulfur, tar, naphthalene, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, benzene and so on.

The design is to produce 1.7 million tons of coke and coke oven gas purification technology and equipment preliminary design.Mainly includes three parts:First, the Coke oven gas purification process of literature review.It discusses various domestic coke gas purification process of the main principles and characteristics;Second, the picking of coke oven gas purification program.According to various characteristics of coke gas purification process, coke oven gas purification scheme selection.Detailed description of the coke oven gas condensate blast, desulfurization, ammonia and benzol recovery of four section of the process,First horizontal tube cooler for coke oven gas were early cold,with pressure dehydration with tar tar ammonia separation process to separate tar and ammonia,vacuum potassium carbonate method for desulfurization,By spraying saturator method for ammonia removal,Benzol production with a single tower to recover the COG benzene aromatic hydrocarbons;Third,Section four main computing device and model selection.Including coke oven gas primary cooler, mechanization ammonia settler, gas blower, electrical tar, saturator, final gas cooling tower， washing benzene tower.

Key words: Coke oven gas; The purification process; Chemical products

recycling; Equipment selection and calculation

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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计

目 录

1 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 焦炉煤气净化意义 ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 设计规模 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3 焦炉煤气净化主要技术方案 ........................................................................... 2 1.4 本设计的主要设备 ........................................................................................... 2 2 文献综述 ...................................................................................................................... 3

2.1 焦炉煤气鼓风冷凝工艺 ................................................................................... 3

2.1.1 焦炉煤气的冷却工艺 ............................................................................ 3 2.1.2 焦炉煤气脱萘 ........................................................................................ 5 2.1.3 焦油氨水分离 ........................................................................................ 5 2.1.4 煤气中焦油雾的分离 ............................................................................ 6 2.2 焦炉煤气脱硫工艺 ........................................................................................... 7

2.2.1 HPF法煤气脱硫脱氰 ............................................................................ 8 2.2.2 真空碳酸钾法煤气脱硫 ........................................................................ 9 2.2.3 氨硫循环洗涤法煤气脱硫 .................................................................. 10 2.2.4 采用压力脱酸的氨水法煤气脱硫脱氰 .............................................. 11 2.2.5 改良蒽醌（ADA）法煤气脱硫脱氰 ................................................. 12 2.2.6 栲胶法 .................................................................................................. 13 2.2.7 萘醌法（TH法） ................................................................................ 13 2.2.8 苦味酸法（FRC法） ......................................................................... 14 2.2.9 索尔菲班法煤气脱硫脱氰 .................................................................. 15 2.3 焦炉煤气脱氨工艺 ......................................................................................... 16

2.3.1 硫铵生产工艺 ...................................................................................... 17 2.3.2 磷铵吸收法生产无水氨工艺 .............................................................. 19 2.2.3 水洗氨-蒸氨-氨分解工艺 ................................................................... 20 2.4 焦炉煤气中粗苯回收工艺 ............................................................................. 21

2.4.1 单塔生产粗苯工艺 .............................................................................. 21 2.4.2 单塔生产轻苯工艺 .............................................................................. 22 2.4.3 双塔生产轻苯工艺 .............................................................................. 23

3 焦炉煤气净化方案选择 ............................................................................................ 24

3.1 焦炉煤气鼓风冷凝工艺方案 ......................................................................... 24

3.1.1 焦炉煤气的冷却 .................................................................................. 24

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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计

3.1.2 焦油氨水分离 ...................................................................................... 25 3.1.3 煤气中焦油雾的分离 .......................................................................... 25 3.1.4 焦炉煤气鼓风冷凝工段的整体方案 .................................................. 26 3.2 焦炉煤气脱硫工艺方案 ................................................................................. 26 3.3 焦炉煤气脱氨工艺方案 ................................................................................. 27 3.4 焦炉煤气中粗苯回收工艺方案 ..................................................................... 28

3.4.1 焦炉煤气最终冷却 .............................................................................. 28 3.4.2 焦炉煤气脱苯 ...................................................................................... 28 3.4.3 粗苯蒸馏 .............................................................................................. 29

4 焦炉煤气净化主要设备计算与选择 ........................................................................ 30

4.1 煤气初冷器 ..................................................................................................... 30 4.2 电捕焦油器 ..................................................................................................... 32 4.3 机械化氨水澄清槽 ......................................................................................... 33 4.4 煤气鼓风机 ..................................................................................................... 34 4.5 饱和器 ............................................................................................................. 35

4.5.1 基础数据 .............................................................................................. 35 4.5.2 氨的平衡 .............................................................................................. 36 4.5.3 饱和器的水平衡 .................................................................................. 36 4.5.4 饱和器的物料平衡 .............................................................................. 37 4.5.5 饱和器温度的确定 .............................................................................. 38 4.5.6 饱和器的热平衡 .................................................................................. 39 4.5.7 饱和器基本尺寸的计算 ...................................................................... 41 4.6 煤气终冷塔 ..................................................................................................... 42

4.6.1 基础数据 .............................................................................................. 42 4.6.2 物料平衡 .............................................................................................. 42 4.6.3 热量衡算 .............................................................................................. 43 4.6.4 传热面积和计算 .................................................................................. 44 4.7 洗苯塔 ............................................................................................................. 46

4.7.1 煤气的实际流量 .................................................................................. 46 4.7.2 煤气的实际含苯量 .............................................................................. 46 4.7.3 贫油和富油中实际的含苯量和洗油量 .............................................. 47 4.7.4 洗苯塔直径及所需填料面积 .............................................................. 49

5 结论 ............................................................................................................................ 49

5.1 焦炉煤气净化工艺方案 ................................................................................. 49

5.1.1 焦炉煤气鼓风冷凝工艺 ...................................................................... 49

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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计

5.1.2 焦炉煤气脱硫工艺 .............................................................................. 50 5.1.3 焦炉煤气脱氨工艺 .............................................................................. 50 5.1.4 焦炉煤气中粗苯回收工艺 .................................................................. 50 5.2 主要设备选择 ................................................................................................. 50

5.2.1 横管初冷器 .......................................................................................... 50 5.2.2 电捕焦油器 .......................................................................................... 51 5.2.3 机械化氨水澄清槽 .............................................................................. 51 5.2.4 煤气鼓风机 .......................................................................................... 51 5.2.5 饱和器 .................................................................................................. 51 5.2.6 煤气终冷塔 .......................................................................................... 51 5.2.7 洗苯塔 .................................................................................................. 51

参考文献 .......................................................................................................................... 52 致谢 .................................................................................................................................. 53

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