高速公路不停车收费

题目

高速公路不停车收费

系统应用研究

摘 要

高速公路是社会经济发展的必然产物。近年来，随着我国经济的快速发展，高速公路的发展变得越来越快，车辆的增加更为迅速，而现阶段，高速公路的收费系统，基本上都要求停车排队收费，在高峰期司机会面临排队付费的状况，这严重降低了高速公路快捷、高效的功能；同时也造成了环境的污染和能源的浪费。这对日益增长的车辆和越来越高的工作效率要求来说，停车缴费系统已渐渐满足不了发展的要求。

本文主要是研究高速路不停车收费系统，该系统使高速公路收费走向电子化，可降低收费管理的成本，极大地改善了路上密集车辆所造成的环境污染，减少车辆阻塞现象，使行车更加安全，更为主要的是将大大提高过桥收费效率。

本文指出了目前我国高速公路收费系统的现状及发展前景，结合高速公路的实际情况，阐述了ETC车道的工作原理和系统构成，进一步论述了ETC 系统工作流程和实施不停车收费系统所遇到的问题及其解决方法，为下一步的研究打下基础。

关键词：高速公路；ETC 系统；关键技术；电子标签；路径识别

I

Research of Highway Toll Collection System Applications

Abstract

Highway is the inevitable product of social and economic development. In recent years, as China's rapid economic development, highway development is becoming faster and faster, and vehicles increase are more rapid, but now，the highway toll collection system is basically a line charge，drivers will line up facing the pay situation in the peak period , which seriously hindered the road fast, and efficient function; but also caused environmental pollution and energy waste. The parking payment system has been gradually can not meet the requirements of the development for more and more vehicles and more increasing efficiency.

This paper is the study of highway toll collection system, which makes electronic road toll to reduce the cost of management fees, improved road-intensive environmental pollution caused by vehicles, reducing vehicle congestion, thus making driving safer, more importantly that will greatly enhance the efficiency of the bridge toll.

The paper points out the current status and prospects of highway toll collection system ,combined with the actual situation of the highway, describes the working principle of the ETC lane and the system composition, and further discussed the ETC system and implementation of work flow system does not meet parking problems and their solutions, laies the foundation for further research.

Keywords: Highway; ETC system; key technology; electronic tags;

Path identification

II

目 录

第1章 绪论 .................................................................................................. 1

1.1 引言 .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 不停车收费系统的现状及发展趋势 .............................................. 2

1.2.1 不停车收费系统在国内的发展 ............................................ 3 1.2.2 不停车收费系统在国外应用情况 ........................................ 3 1.2.3 不停车收费系统的发展趋势 ................................................ 5

第2章 不停车收费系统概述 ...................................................................... 7

2.1 不停车收费系统的定义 .................................................................. 7

2.1.1 记账式自动收费系统 ............................................................ 7 2.1.2 IC卡扣除式自动收费系统 ................................................. 7 2.2 不停车收费系统的组成与工作原理 .............................................. 8

2.2.1 ETC车道系统构成 ................................................................ 8 2.2.2系统工作原理 ......................................................................... 9 2.3 ETC系统的主要技术 .................................................................... 10

2.3.1 RFID技术 .......................................................................... 10 2.3.2车型识别技术 ........................................................................11 2.3.3车牌识别技术 ....................................................................... 12 2.3.4信息融合技术 ....................................................................... 13 2.3.5加密和安全技术 ................................................................... 13 2.3.6专用短程无线通信DSRC技术 .......................................... 14

第3章 关键技术——RFID技术汇总 ...................................................... 16

3.1 什么是RFID技术 ......................................................................... 16 3.2 RFID的发展史 ............................................................................ 16 3.3 RFID的组成及工作原理 ............................................................ 17 3.4 RFID的工作频段 ........................................................................ 18 3.5 RFID技术标准 ............................................................................ 19 第4章 ETC的技术设备和方案选择 ....................................................... 20

4.1 ETC的技术设备 ......................................................................... 20

III

4.1.1 车载电子标签 ...................................................................... 21 4.1.2微波天线 ............................................................................... 22 4.2.3阅读器 （Reader） .............................................................. 23 4.2技术方案 ......................................................................................... 24

4.2.1可读写单片式电子标签的方案 ........................................... 24 4.2.2双片式电子标签的方案 ....................................................... 25 4.2.3改进型双片式电子标签的方案 ........................................... 25 4.3方案分析 ......................................................................................... 25

4.3.1可读写单片式电子标签方案分析 ....................................... 25 4.3.2双片式ETC电子标签组合式方案分析 ............................. 26 4.3.3改进型双片式电子标签方案分析 ....................................... 27 4.4可靠性预测分析 ............................................................................. 27 4.5 结论 ................................................................................................ 30 第5章 ETC系统存在的问题和解决方法 ............................................... 31

5.1 RFID的碰撞问题及其解决方法 ................................................... 31 5.2车型的实时自动识别混乱 ............................................................. 34 5.3 众多用户和系统的兼容性问题 .................................................... 35 5.4 ETC在实际运营中存在的问题及其解决方法 ......................... 35

5.4.1误入车辆引起的ETC车道拥堵 ......................................... 36 5.4.2 ETC系统跟车干扰严重 ................................................... 36 5.4.3其他需要解决的问题 ........................................................... 37

总结 .............................................................................................................. 38 参考文献 ...................................................................................................... 39 致 谢 ............................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。

IV

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库高速公路不停车收费在线全文阅读。