30万吨每年直馏柴油醇氨法化学精制装置工艺设计说明书

摘要

30万吨/年直馏柴油醇氨法化学精制装置工艺设计

摘要

国内外炼油和化工企业一直采用碱洗-电精制-硫酸中和法进行精制直馏柴油和回收副产品环烷酸，虽然柴油产品能够合格，但是该工艺上仍然存在着柴油收率较低、乳化严重、间歇操作、操作费用较高和环境污染等问题。人们一直在努力开发新型的、高效的精制直馏柴油和回收副产品环烷酸的联合工艺。

醇氨法精制直馏柴油的工艺存在着选择破乳剂困难、精制柴油中残余溶剂含量高、溶剂的循环量较大，需要全部再生或者部分再生，以及再生能耗高等技术经济问题。为了解决这些问题，采用静态混合器和溶剂循环再生，对醇氨法精制直馏柴油工艺进行优化设计。本项目醇氨法采用氨-乙二醇体系作溶剂, 具有不使用高压电场、不使用强酸强碱、没有“三废” 排放、溶剂能循环使用、连续操作，且同时得到精制柴油和环烷酸等优点。

关键词：直馏柴油；环烷酸；醇氨法精制；乙二醇

I

Abstract The Process Design of 30Mt/a Alcohol-ammonia Chemical

Extraction for Refining Straight-run Diesel

Abstract

Oil refining and chemical enterprises at home and abroad have been using alkaline cleaning - electrofining sulfuric acid neutralization to refined straight-run diesel and recycling byproduct naphthenic acid, although diesel products can be qualified, but the process still exist on the diesel yield is low, serious emulsification, intermittent operation, high operation cost and environmental pollution problems. People have been refined to the development of new, efficient straight run diesel and recovery of by-product naphthenic acid combined process.

Refined straight-run diesel by alcohol ammonia refining process there are choosing demulsifier difficulties, high residual solvent content in the refined diesel oil, the circulation of the solvent amount is larger, need all or part of regenerative, and high energy consumption of regeneration technology economic problems. In order to solve these problems, the use of static mixer and solvent recycling, refined straight-run diesel by alcohol ammonia process optimization design. The project of alcohol ammonia method adopts ammonia - system of ethylene glycol as solvent, has not use high voltage electric field, do not use strong acid alkali, no \continuous operation, and at the same time get the refined diesel and naphthenic acid, etc.

Keyword: straight-run diesel；naphthenic acid；Alcohol ammonia refining；ethylene glycol

II

目录 目录

前言 ............................................................................................................................................ 1 第一章 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 2

1.1 项目概览 ............................................................................................................. 2 1.2 设计依据 ............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 项目背景 ............................................................................................................. 2 1.4 产品及原料方案 ................................................................................................. 3

第二章 工艺流程设计 .............................................................................................................. 4

2.1 柴油脱酸工艺介绍 ............................................................................................. 4 2.2 工艺路线的选择 ................................................................................................. 5

2.2.1 醇氨法的优点 .......................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 醇氨法化学原理与工艺流程 .................................................................. 5 2.3 工艺流程 ............................................................................................................. 6

2.3.1 工艺流程图 .............................................................................................. 6 2.3.2 工艺流程说明 .......................................................................................... 6 2.3.3 操作条件 .................................................................................................. 7 2.4 原料及产品 ......................................................................................................... 7

2.4.1 原料规格 .................................................................................................. 7 2.4.2 产品规格 .................................................................................................. 8 2.5 生产条件 ............................................................................................................. 9

第三章 物料衡算 .................................................................................................................... 10

3.1 物料衡算概述 ................................................................................................... 10

3.1.1 衡算基准 ................................................................................................ 10 3.1.2 物料流程图 ............................................................................................ 10 3.2 全装置的物料平衡 ........................................................................................... 10

3.2.1 直馏柴油进料量 .................................................................................... 11 3.2.2 粗环烷酸出料量 .................................................................................... 11 3.2.3 精制柴油出料量 .................................................................................... 11 3.2.4 乙二醇进料量 ........................................................................................ 12 3.2.5 液氨进料量 ............................................................................................ 12 3.2.6 全装置物料衡算 .................................................................................... 12

III

目录 3.3各装置的物料衡算结果汇总 ............................................................................ 12

第四章 能量衡算 .................................................................................................................... 14

4.1 计算依据及基准 ............................................................................................... 14 4.2 静态混合反应器 ............................................................................................... 14 4.3 柴油气提塔及附属换热器 ............................................................................... 15 4.4 分解气提塔及附属换热器 ............................................................................... 16 4.5 其他换热器 ....................................................................................................... 17 4.6 加热炉 ............................................................................................................... 19 4.7 能量衡算汇总 ................................................................................................... 19

4.7.1 冷却水使用量 ........................................................................................ 19 4.7.2 低压蒸汽使用量 .................................................................................... 19 4.7.3 燃料使用量 ............................................................................................ 19

第五章 塔设备计算与选型 .................................................................................................... 20

5.1 柴油气提塔的工艺计算 ................................................................................... 20

5.1.1 填料规格的选择 .................................................................................... 20 5.1.2 基础物性数据 ........................................................................................ 21 5.1.3 物料衡算 ................................................................................................ 21 5.2 填料塔的工艺尺寸的计算 ............................................................................... 22

5.2.1 塔径的计算 ............................................................................................. 22 5.2.2 填料层高度计算 .................................................................................... 24 5.2.3 填料层压降的计算 ................................................................................ 26 5.3 填料塔的结构与附属设备 ............................................................................... 27

5.3.1 液体分布器 ............................................................................................ 27 5.3.2 分布点密度计算 .................................................................................... 27 5.3.3 分液计算 ................................................................................................ 28 5.4 填料支撑结构 ................................................................................................... 28 5.5 填料压紧装置 ................................................................................................... 28 5.6 除沫装置 ........................................................................................................... 29 5.7 接管口尺寸的计算 ........................................................................................... 29 5.8 填料塔的结构 ................................................................................................... 29 5.9 柴油气提塔计算结果汇总 ............................................................................... 30 5.10 分解气提塔的工艺计算结果总表 ................................................................. 31 5.11 氨气吸收塔的工艺计算结果总表 ................................................................. 32

IV

目录 第六章 设备工艺计算 ............................................................................................................ 34

6.1 反应器的选型 ................................................................................................... 34 6.2 塔设备的设计 ................................................................................................... 35

6.2.1 柴油气提塔 ............................................................................................ 35 6.2.2 油剂沉降塔 ............................................................................................ 35 6.2.3 分解气提塔 ............................................................................................ 36 6.2.4 醇酸沉降塔 ............................................................................................ 36 6.2.5 氨气吸收塔 ............................................................................................ 36 6.3 罐设备的选型 ................................................................................................... 37

6.3.1 脱氨罐 .................................................................................................... 37 6.3.2 缓冲罐 .................................................................................................... 37 6.3.3 脱酸剂储罐 ............................................................................................ 37 6.4 换热器的选型 ................................................................................................... 37

6.4.1 换热器E101a的选型示例 .................................................................... 38 6.4.2 其他换热器选型： ................................................................................ 38 6.5 制氮机的选型 ................................................................................................... 38 6.6 泵设计计算与选型 ........................................................................................... 39

6.6.1 泵的选型说明 ........................................................................................ 39 6.6.2 具体选型计算 ........................................................................................ 39 6.7 设备选型汇总 ................................................................................................... 39

第七章 车间布置 .................................................................................................................... 41

7.1 反应车间 ........................................................................................................... 41

7.1.1 整体布置 ................................................................................................ 41 7.1.2 反应车间各类设备设计 ........................................................................ 41 7.1.3 反应车间布置图 .................................................................................... 41 7.2 分离车间 ........................................................................................................... 41

7.2.1 整体布置 ................................................................................................ 41 7.2.2 分离车间各类设备设计 ........................................................................ 41 7.2.3 分离车间布置图 .................................................................................... 42 7.3 溶剂回收车间 ................................................................................................... 42

7.3.1 整体布置 ................................................................................................ 42 7.3.2 溶剂回收车间各类设备设计 ................................................................ 42 7.3.3 溶剂回收车间布置图 ............................................................................ 43

V

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