2014年10月自考《英语一》讲义 Unit 02_(含课文、生词表、课后练(6)

●有些主动句中的动词如accord, ask, assign, give, grant, offer, pay, refuse, show, tell等常常个宾语，一个直接宾语和一个间接宾语。这类句子转化成被动语态时，一般把间接宾语（通常是指人的词）转动语态的主语。有时也可将直接宾语（通常是指物的词）转化为主语。在被动结构中，被保留的间接宾语前通介词to。

主动语态：The author gave us a detailed description based on his personal observation of nat 被动语态：We were given a detailed description by the author based on his personal observatinature.

A detailed description was given to us by the author based on his personal observation of na 二、短语动词的被动语态

除了及物动词可用于被动结构外，一些相当于及物动词的短语动词也可用于被动语态。如account for（解释）, call upon（要求）, listen to （倾听）, look after（照料）, rely on（依靠）, bring about（起）, find out（找出，查明）, give up（放弃）, do away with（废除）, look down upon（轻视）, putwith（容忍）, catch sight of（发现，看出）, keep pace with（跟上）, lay stress on（强调）, make （利用）, pay attention to（注意）, put an end to（结束）, take notice of（注意到）, take advant（利用）等等。 例如：

Such failure was never thought of when they first started. All the plans made have now been carried out exactly. Such bad behaviour can never be put up with. 三、主动语态表示被动意义

在某些情况下，主动语态也用于表示被动意义。例如：

Your hands feel very cold. You must be really nervous. Clothes iron more easily when damp.

In such hot weather meat won't keep long. 四、被动结构与系表结构

被动结构的基本形式是be + 动词的过去分词，但并非所有的be + 动词的过去分词形式都是被动语态结构语中，有些及物动词的过去分词形式可用作形容词，它们放在系动词后面时，就构成了系表结构。例如： The shopping mall is crowded with people, especially on Sundays. （系表结构）

The children were so absorbed in their game that they did not notice the passage of time.（系构）

The expressway connecting the two cities is completed. （被动结构） Exercises

Directions: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1. \ \

A） are painting B） are painted C） are being painted D） painted [答疑编号506494020801：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】译文：“你搬进新公寓了吗？”“还没呢，房子正在粉刷。”本题考查被动语 态的基本用法。the rooms和paint之间是动宾关系，the rooms是动作paint的承受者，本题要用被动语态。A和D不是被动语态。被动语态的时态和人称体现在be动词上，根据语境可知现在房子被粉刷这个状态一直持续，要用进行时。答案为C。

2. Because the chief speaker is unable to come tomorrow, the meeting_________ postponed. A） has been B） has

C） is being D） will have been

[答疑编号506494020802：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ａ

【答案解析】译文：由于明天主讲不能来，会议将碑推迟。根据句意可知the meeting和 postpone之间是动宾关系，the meeting是动作postpone的承受者，要用被动语态。首先排除不是被动语态的B项。根据句意，由Because 从句可知会议“已经”被延期。答案为A。

3. After careful investigation we find that one of the statements_________ to be untrue. A） is turned out B） have been turned out C） has turned out D） are turned out [答疑编号506494020803：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】译文：经过深入调查，我们发现其中一项声明是不真实的。Turn out to be意 为“证明是??”，“结果是??” 。根据句意可知其主语one of the statement；是单数，谓语也要用单数，B和D错；one of the statements和turn out之间是主谓关系，A错。答案为C。

4. The prices of many kinds of medicine __________ recently. A） are reduced B） have reduced C） have been reduced D） has been reduced [答疑编号506494020804：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ｃ

【答案解析】译文：最近许多种类的药物降价了。显然the prices和reduce之间是动宾关 系，要用被动语态，B错；由时间状语recently可知要用现在完成时表示降价这个动作已经持续了一段时间，可能还会继续持续下去。主语是复数，谓语也要在数上与其保持一致。答案为C。

5. He returned a week later and found his house_______. A） had broken into B） was broken into

C） to be broken into D） had been broken into [答疑编号506494020805：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ｄ

【答案解析】译文：一周后，他回来发现有人破门而入了。根据句意可知他回来的时候

break into这个动作已经完成，要用过去完成时态，B和C错；又his house 和break into 之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态，A错。答案为D。

6. These fresh fruits_______ wonderful！

A） are tasted B） taste

C） tastes D） are tasting [答疑编号506494020806：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ｂ

【答案解析】译文：这些新鲜水果的味道好极了。主语是复数形式，谓语也要保持数的一 致，C错；虽然these fresh fruits和taste之间是动宾关系，但一般情况下feel,

taste, smell等动词要用主动语态表被动，A错；taste这个动作并非正在进行，不用进行时。答案为B。

7. Once environmental damage _______, it takes many years for the system to recover. A） has done B） is to do C） does D） is done

[答疑编号506494020807：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】译文：一旦环境遭到破坏，将要花费许多年生态系统才得以恢复。

environmental damage和do之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态，ABC都不是被动语态的正确构成（助动词be＋动词过去分词）。答案为D。

8. Scientists estimate that about 530,000 other objects, too small to detect with radar, _______the Earth too.

A） being circled B） are circling

C） are to be circling D） are being circled [答疑编号506494020808：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ｂ

【答案解析】译文：科学家们佑计大约有53万其他星体也绕着地球转，这些星体太小了，难以用无线电探测出来。其中too small to detect with radar是插入语。根据句意，主

语objects与谓语之间是主谓关系，不需要被动语态；另本句陈述的是正在进行的客观事实，应该用现在进行时，可以排除C和D项。因此本题缺少谓语，不能使用分词形式，故排除A项。A项是现在分词的被动语态。答案为B。

9. I was caught _______the rain yesterday. A） in B） by C） with D） at

[答疑编号506494020809：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ａ

【答案解析】译文：昨天我淋雨了。be caught in the rain意为“淋雨”，是惯用搭配。答案为A。

10. \ A） blows B） to blow C） blown D） blew

[答疑编号506494020810：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ｃ

【答案解析】译文：“你的帽子在哪儿？”“昨天刮风了，帽子被风利到河里去了。”本题 考查独立主格结构的用法。其基本形式为名词（代词）＋现在分词（过去分词，形容词，副词，不定式，名词，介词短语）。句中帽子是被吹到河里，应用被动语态或介词it＋过去分词。答案为C。

11. At one time it_______ that the Sun moved round the Earth. A） had thought B） was thought C） was thinking D） thought

[答疑编号506494020811：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ｂ

【答案解析】译文：曾经人们认为太阳绕着地球转。分析句子结构知it是形式主语，真正

的主语是the sun moved round the Earth ，其与think 之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态， ACD错。答案为B。

12. There is a police car in front of our house. What do you suppose _________? A） has happened B） is happened C） is happening D） would happen [答疑编号506494020812：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ａ

【答案解析】译文：我们家门前停着一辆警车。你认为发生什么事情了？题中do you suppose是插入语，主语what和happen之间是主谓关系，要用主动语态，B错。根据语境知happen

这个动作已经完成，要用完成时态，C和D错。答案为A。

13. All the houses _______by the end of the following month. A） will be repaired B） were repaired C） will have been repaired D） would be repaired [答疑编号506494020813：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ｃ

【答案解析】译文：下个月月底，所有房屋将会被修理完毕。首先从时间状语by the end of the following month 可知要用将来完成时，指下个月月底之前修理房屋的动作已经完

成； the houses和repair之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态，ABD都错。答案为C。

14. It's not always possible to make oneself _______in a foreign country. A） understood B） understand C） to be understood D） to understand [答疑编号506494020814：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ａ

【答案解析】在国外，并非总是能够让外国人听懂自己说话。make是使役动词，其后接省略 to的不定式，C和D错；make oneself understand意为“让自己理解（别人）”，make oneself understood意为“让自己（被别人）理解”。根据句意可知此处讲的是让自己被外国人理解。答案为A。

15. A body of volunteers_______ to help the people in the flooded area. A） have organized B） are organized

C） have been organized D） has been organized [答疑编号506494020815：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ｄ

【答案解析】译文：已经组织志愿团去帮助洪水灾区的灾民了。a body of 一群，一队。其后加单数谓语动词。答案为D。

Tips for English Learning Setting Yourself Achievable Goals

Once you have identified your motivation, set yourself goals. Having goals will help you to identify what areas to work on and enable you to chart your progress. Ask yourself, \goals? What areas would I like to improve?\towards them regularly.

Remember that it is always advisable to set small, achievable targets. A short time each dayproduce better, longer-term results than a full day at the weekend and then nothing for two weekHere are some goals you could set yourself:

◆Learn 10 new English words or phrases every day, Mondays to Fridays （repeat on Saturdays,on Sundays）.

◆Study 15 minutes every day.

◆Read the lyrics of an English song every week and try to understand its main content. ◆Read and try to understand one short English text every week. ◆Read a book a month.

◆Visit an English speaking forum every day. ◆Read a news article on the Internet every day. ◆Do 10 minutes' listening practice every day. ◆Watch an English film at least once a month.

Reaching your target step by step is much better than setting a huge target that you cannot achieve.

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