Passage 6
A United Nations report is sounding an alarm on the state of the earth?s natural resources, in advance of this month? s U. N. -sponsored sustainable development summit in Johannesburg. The report says sea levels rose and forests were destroyed at unprecedented rates during the last decade. It notes that more than 40 percent of the world?s population—two billion people now face water shortages. And it predicts that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion people over the next 25 years, further environmental stress is expected. U.N. Undersecretary General Nitin Desai says the most important message in the report is that the world?s environmental crises are interrelated. As an example, he cites the “Asian Brown Cloud,” a “poisonous cocktail” of particulate matter, chemicals, and various aerosols currently hanging over a vast area of southeast Asia.
“Here you have a situation which arises because of the unsustainable way energy is used in this region, which is leading to these problems which impact on agriculture, on water, on health,” said Mr. Desai. “If you really want to address water, agriculture and health, you have to address energy. You can?t reduce poverty unless you also address land and water. You can?t improve children?s health without addressing water and sanitation and air quality.”
Mr. Desai, who will lead the Earth Summit, says that governments must form specific partnerships to reduce threats in five areas: water, energy, agriculture, biodiversity and health. 1. When is the U.N. report mentioned in the passage released? A) At the sustainable development summit. B) Before the Earth Summit.
C) After the sustainable development summit. D) Last year.
2. “Asian Brown Cloud” is used as an example to show that ______ A) environmental protection needs cooperation. B) Asia is the most polluted area in the world. C) air pollution in Asia is very serious. D) travelers are warned not to visit Asia.
3. What results in the problems concerning agriculture, water and health according to the passage?
A) The rising sea level.
B) The conflicts around the world. C) The improved living standard.
D) The unsustainable way energy is used.
4. What does the word “address” (Line 4, Para. 3) mean? A) Speak to. B) Make a formal speech to. C) Deal with. D) Make use of. 5. What can be inferred from the passage?
A) Natural resource shortage will be a great problem in the future. B) Poverty can be reduced by increasing production. C) Sustainable development is impossible.
D) Southeast Asia is the most polluted area in the world.
Passage 7
The University of Chicago is a private, nondenominational, coeducational institution of higher learning and research. It is located in the community of Hyde Park—South Ken-wood, a culturally rich and ethnically diverse neighborhood, seven miles south of downtown Chicago. The University was founded by John D. Rockefeller. William Rainey Harper was its first president. Classes began on October 1, 1892, with an enrollment of 594 students and a faculty of 103, including eight former college presidents. In 1930 the undergraduate College and the graduate divisions were created. Such cross-fertilization continues to characterize the University. Candidates for admission to graduate programs in the divisions at the University of Chicago should address their inquiries, including requests for application forms, to the dean of students of the graduate division to which application is being made.
An applicant who holds a degree from an accredited institution is considered for admission on the basis of (1) an undergraduate record, (2) a well-organized plan for graduate study, (3) Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and TOEFL scores, where required, and (4) recommendations from three college faculty members acquainted with the character, ability, potential, qualifications, and motivation of he applicant. Persons who have been away from school for several years may submit recommendations from employers, professional associates, or supervisors. Transcripts of all academic work should be submitted with the application if at all possible; the applicant should request each institution attended to provide an official transcript in a settled envelope. I. What can be concluded from the first paragraph?
A) Only boys were admitted when the University of Chicago was founded. B) The University of Chicago is mainly financed by the government. C) The University of Chicago is located in the suburb of a city. D) The people of South Kenwood have similar cultural tradition. 2. The University of Chicago has long been characterized by _____ A) its cross-fertilization B) its long history
C) its excellent teaching staff D) its beautiful campus
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A) The founder of the University of Chicago is also its first president.
B) The University of Chicago began to enroll graduates since its foundation. C) Some of its first graduates or teachers became the presidents of its several colleges.
D) The University of Chicago has always been reluctant to enroll students from other universities in its graduate programs.
4. To whom should the application form for the admission to the graduate programs of the University of Chicago be addressed?
A) The dean of students of its graduate division. B) The president of the university. C) The concerning professor. D) Any teachers in the university
5. What is NOT a requirement for a graduate who wants to be admitted in the graduate programs in the University of Chicago?
A) An undergraduate record. B) GRE scores.
C) A detailed plan for graduate study. D) A national examination.
Passage 8
Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two- year study showed. And it wasn?t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.
Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were complete contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others. The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives. “But it?s important to remember this is not about the technology per se ; it?s about how it is used,” says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study?s sponsors. “It really points he need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”
1. The word “well-being” (Line 1, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to A) trouble B) health C) depression D) excitement
2. What is the intended conclusion of the research conducted by Carnegie? A) Internet use may lead to mental dissatisfaction.
B) Internet use is sure to cause a decline in mental well-being.
C) People who spend just a few hours on the Internet will be happier.
D) People who use TV are less socially healthier than those who use the Internet.
3. Which of the following CANNOT explain the result of the research according to the passage?
A) Internet users may spend less time with their family and friends. B) The “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying. C) Internet users may be less satisfied with their lives.
D) Internet users make too many friends through the Internet. 4. What lessons may be drawn from the result of the research? A) We should not have developed the Internet technology. B) We should change the way we use the Internet. C) We need Internet technology very much. D) TV is more useful than the Internet. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A) The Popularity of Internet Use. B) The History of Internet Use. C) The Harm of Internet Use.
D) The Fast Development of Internet Use.
Passage 9
The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. The cause of the term “computer virus” is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction The Adolescence of P-1 written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching a copy of themselves to another program. Once attached to me host Program, the viruses then look for other programs to “infect”. In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system. At some point, determined by how the virus was programmed the virus attacks. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. So-called “benign” viruses might simply display a message, like the one that infected IBM?s main computer system last Christmas with a season?s greeting. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk. 1. What results in the wide spread of computer viruses according to the passage? A) The overgrowth of computer.
B) The likeness between the biological virus and evil program. C) The American science fiction The Adolescence of P-I D) The weak management of the government. 2. What is computer virus in fact? A) A kind of biological virus. B) A kind of evil program. C) A kind of biological worm.
D) Something that only exists in the fictions.
3. What usually determines the variety of the virus attacks? A) The time the attack is made. B) The presence of a particular file.
C) The security privilege level of the user.
D) The different ways the virus was programmed.
4. What is the harm of “benign” viruses according to the passage? A) “Benign” virus might wipe out data from the computer. B) “Benign” virus might delete files.
C) “Benign” virus might display a message. D) “Benign” virus might format the hard disk.
5. Where does the term “computer virus” come from? A) It comes from a play.
B ) It comes from a computer game. C) It comes from a science fiction. D) It comes from a news report.
Passage 10
Fast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a high in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say. Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonald?s to attract customers with a 55cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. 0? Pepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant division that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC. “It?s becoming harder and harder for these firms to grow,” said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. “I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets.”
Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 per cent in 1996, according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is a far cry from the levels of the 1970s and1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 per cent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 per cent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997.
1. According to the passage, the following factors EXCEPT _____ lead to the slower growth of fast food industry. A) the tough competition B) a richer population C) the saturation of market D) the lower quality of fast food
2. Which of the following signs does NOT show that fast food industry is experiencing a hard time?
A) Price-cutting by industry leaders.
B) The leading role of fast food in the market of take-home food C) The selling of KFC.
D) The pulling out of some fast food restaurant.
3. Who is a strong competitor to fast-food restaurants in the market take-home food according to the passage?
A) Supermarkets. B) Chinese restaurants. C) Hotels. D) Groceries. 4. What can be inferred from the passage? A) Fast-food restaurant revenues are declining.
B) Fast food is very popular in the 1970s and the 1980s. C) The baby boom generation has never liked fast food. D) Rich people like fast food more.
5. What is the passage mainly concerned about? A) The popularity of fast food. B) The disadvantage of fast food. C) The troubles of fast food. D) The advantages of fast food.
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