翻译经验与技巧探讨(6)

language . So far , however , men have not been able to figure out the communication code the dolphin use.

海豚与鲸一样,需要不时浮出水面以其头顶上的鼻孔来呼吸.海豚是群居动物,爱结伴.事实上,不少海豚还以与人相处为乐,它们在水中供人乘骑之事也是常有所闻的

除了可爱逗趣之外,海豚对于人类是极有帮助的.例如,早在公元前400年希腊诗人艾里昂就因溺水而被一头海豚救起.至今为止,海豚一直在帮助遇到麻烦的游泳者.不仅如此,它们还能帮助人们捕鱼 更有甚者,海豚智力发达.它的大脑与人类的相似,但容量更大.因而有人宣称,海豚真的比人聪明.当然,现在没法证明这一点.脑容量并不是一个决定聪敏程度的检测标准.还有,由于人们无法完全同海豚进行交流.不管怎样说,它们发出的哨音,卡嗒声和嗡嗡声等至少是一种语言的形式.但是,至今为止人们上不能解释海豚语言交流的密码

七.省略的翻译技巧英译汉过程中,译文要符合汉语

的表达习惯在汉语中代词和连接词用的不多,因此有时候我们就将这些词在翻译过程中省去,以下我将给大家分类举例说明具体的翻译省略技巧1) 连接词的省略有时,and 和 or 没有必要翻译出来Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm.大多数美国人精力充沛,热情高涨They have courage and do not give in easily.他们有勇气,不轻易屈服Foreigners sometimes complain, however , that they have little interest in or knowledge of the outside world.然而,外国人却有时抱怨说,美国人对外部世界漠不关心,一无所知Promote physical culture and build up the people's health .发展体育运动,增强人民体质.下句中before也没有必要翻译出来Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill车未停稳,切勿上下2) 冠词的省略英译汉过程中,不定冠词a, an除了表示\一\这个数量概念时需要译出之外,其他情况下往往省略不译They are prepared to take the initiative , even when there is a risk in doing so .他们做事会采取主动,即使这样做要冒风险,也在所不辞He is an Englishman , and not an American .他是英国人,不是美国人They have a wide knowledge of everyday things , and a keen interest in their particular city and state.他们对日常事情所知甚广,对所在的城市

和州深为关切定冠词the的省略见下例Is the sole aim of most Americans to make money and possess luxuries which could be called excessive?赚钱和拥有可以称得上过多的奢侈品,是不是大多数美国人的唯一的目标The use of bacteriological weapons is a clear violation of international law.使用细菌武器显然是违反国际法的The individual American is generous, but the American nation is hard.美国人作为个人是慷慨的,但美国人作为一个民族则是吝啬的3) 代词的省略当代词做宾语时,说话人和听话人,或者读者都知道指什么,汉译时需要省略If you like the books , you can take them with you .如果你喜欢这些书,就拿去吧They pride themselves on their independence , their right to make up their own minds.他们为能独立行事,为有权做出自己的决定而感到骄傲4) 介词的省略*有些表示时间的介词可以省略When the Constitution was written in 1787, there were only 13 states.1787年起草宪法时,只有十三个州*有些表示

地点的介词的省略What scenic spots are there in Shanghai ?上海有什么风景

区?*有些与名词到搭配的介词可以省略Their skyscrapers , bridges and dams often have a splendor which matches in beauty and scales the country's natural wonders.他们的摩天大楼,桥梁和水坝往往气势壮观,与美国的自然奇观之壮美和恢弘相得益彰 <补充练习>ANIMAL AND MACHINEThe body of an animal may well be compared with some machine like a locomotive engine. Indeed ,the animal body is a machine . It is a machine composed of many parts , each part doing some particular kind of work for which a particular kind of structure fits it; and all the parts are dependent on each other and work together for the accomplishment of the total business of the machine. The locomotive must be provided with fuel , such as coal or wood or other combustible substance , the consumption of which furnishes the force or energy of the machine . The animal body must be provided with fuel , which is called food , which furnished similarly the energy of the animal . Oxygen must be provided for the combustion of the fuel in the locomotive and of the

food in the body . The locomotive is composed of special parts : the

fire box for the reception and combustion of fuel ; the steam pipes for the carriage of steam ; the wheels for locomotion; the smokestack for throwing off waste. The animal body is similarly composed of parts: the alimentary canal for the reception and assimilation of food ; the excretory organs for the throwing off waste matter ; the arteries and veins for the carriage of oxygen and food-holding blood; the legs of wings for locomotion.动物的身体很可以与某种机器如火车头相比,实际上,动物的身体就是一台机器.它是一台由许多部件组成的机器.每个部件起某种特定的作用,并具有特殊构造使它适合于这种作用;所与的部件互相依赖,彼此合作,以完成机器的整个任务.火车头必须添加燃料,如:媒,木柴或其他可燃物质.燃料的消耗给机器提供动力或能量.动物的身体也得补充燃料,它被称为事物,给动物同样地提供能量.卫士火车头里的燃料燃烧以及动物体内的食物氧化,必须提供氧气.火车头是由特殊部件构成的:接受燃烧燃料的炉膛,运送蒸汽的管道,是车头运行的轮子及排出废气的烟囱.与此相似,动物的身体也是由各种部件构成的:摄入并吸收食物的消化道,排出废物的排泄器官以及运送氧气和保存养料的血液的动脉与静脉,还有是动物行进的脚或翅膀 八.否定的翻译技巧1) 可以译成肯定的否定句型*not a few ,not a little.相当于many

或 much 的意思,也可译为肯定There are not a few good sentences in his

composition.他的作文里有许多佳句There is not a little water in the jar.罐子里有很多水*某些含有cannot的结构,也可译成肯定You can't be too careful when you do your homework.你做作业时,越仔细越好*含有双重

否定的结构可以译为肯定We can't live without air and water.有了空气和水,我们才

能

生

存

2) 否定转移时的翻译技巧

注:在动词

think ,believe ,expect ,suppose ,trust, hope ,imagine ,fancy以及be afraid

短语后,如有从句时,原文否定主语动词,翻译时一般进行否定转换,否定从句Our teacher did not believe this was possible but he agreed he would study the matter.我们老师认为这是不可能的,但他同意研究这一现象3) no…..unless译成双重否定 \没…没..\There are no sound waves unless there is sound.如果没有声音,也就没有声波4) In the absence of 与

not , no , nothing 连用时,译成\没有…, 不…\In the absence of gravity , we

could do nothing.要是没有地心引力的话, 我们就什么也不能做

5)\译成汉语的肯定语气:\每当……总是\Heat

can never be

converted into a certain energy without some thing lost.热能每当转换成某种能量时,总是有些损耗5) but for 与其他否定词no, not , nothing 连用时,译

成\要不是……就没有\But for substances, there would be nothing in the

world.要是没有物质的话,世界上就什么东西也不存在了要不是有物质的话,世界上就没有什么东西了以上两种翻法都可以6) nothing but 仅

仅,只不过anything but 决非He is nothing but modest. 他只不过是谦虚He is anything but modest.

他一点也不谦虚

一、正确选择词义

词义精当，是指译者对原文每一个词都译得恰如其分。当然，怎样才算是“恰如其分”，这是个相对标准，但我们在翻译实践中，务必高标准、严要求、精益求精。 （一）一词多义

同一个词，由于语境不同，其词义可千差万别。试看下面几个例子： 1) He got all the credit for the discovery.

2) The ledger shows 300 pounds on the debit side and 50 pounds on the credit side.

3) The availability of cheap long term credit would help small businesses.

4) They sold grain on credit during time of famine. 5) How much do I have to my credit?

6) They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade.

7) They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China, London.

以上七个句子都包含有“credit”这个词，但每个句子中“credit”，其词义都有所区别：

1）他由于这项发现而获得各种荣誉。

2）从分类帐上可以看出，发生金额借方300英镑，贷方50英镑。 3）低息长期贷款可以扶持小型企业。 4）饥荒季节，他们则赊销粮食。 5）我们银行户头上还有多少存款？ 6）他们生意信誉已荡然无存。

7）他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关信用证。

只要翻开一般词典，我们就可知道，一词多义是语言普遍现象。因此，根据不同语境正确选词是翻译一项最基本技能。再看几个汉译英例子：

1）价廉物美

2）我们不销售廉价质次货物。 3）我们已按很低价格向你们报盘。

4）你们将会看出我们这批货物价格是很便宜。 5）请报体温表最低价。

6）对我们业务建议如有兴趣，请寄样品，并告最惠条款。 7）我们报价已是最低价，折扣不能再多给了。

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库翻译经验与技巧探讨(6)在线全文阅读。