方程式素材库(7)

方程式素材库 作者：湖南新邵二中 黄美华

S

S+H2

△ H2S 2S+C

△ CS2 S+Fe △ FeS ZnS

S+2Cu △ Cu2S 3S+2Al △ Al2S3 S+Zn △ S+O点燃 2

SO2

S+6HNO3(浓)＝H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O 3S+4 HNO3(稀)＝3SO2↑+4NO↑+2H2O 3S+6NaOH

△ 2Na 2S+Na2SO3+3H2O

S + 2Na＝Na2S(爆炸) S + Mg＝MgS S + Fe

△ S + 2H FeS 2SO4(浓)＝3SO2↑+2H2O

SO2 SO2 + 2H2S＝3S+2H2O 2SO △ 2+O2

2SO3

2SO2+O2+2H2O＝2H2SO4 SO2+Cl2+2H2O＝H2SO4+2HCl SO2+Br2+2H2O＝H2SO4+2HBr SO2+I2+2H2O＝H2SO4+2HI * SO2+NO2＝SO3+NO SO2+2H2S＝3S+2H2O SO2+H2O＝H2SO3

SO2+2NH3+H2O＝(NH4)2SO3 SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O＝2NH4HSO3 SO2+Ca(OH)2＝CaSO3↓+H2O

(不能用澄清石灰水鉴别SO2和CO2.可用品红鉴别) 2NaOH+SO2(少量)＝Na2SO3+H2O NaOH+SO2(足量)＝NaHSO3 Cl2+SO2 +2H2O＝H2SO4 +2HCl

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方程式素材库 作者：湖南新邵二中 黄美华

SO3 SO3+H2O＝H2SO4 SO3+MgO＝MgSO4 SO3+Ca(OH)2＝CaSO4+H2O SO3+Na2O＝Na2SO4 * SO3+2KI＝K2SO3+I2

Si

Si(粗)+2Cl2Si(粉)+O2

△ SiCl4 SiCl4+2H2

△ Si(纯)+4HCl

△ SiO2 Si+C

△ siC(金刚砂)

Si+2NaOH+H2O＝Na2SiO3+2H2

SiO2 2C+SiO23C+SiO2

△ 电炉 Si+2CO(制得粗硅) SiC+2CO↑ 2MgO+Si

2Mg+SiO2SiO2+2H2

点燃 4HF+SiO2＝SiF4+2H2O

△ Si+2H2O

* SiO2+2MgSiO2+CaO

△ 2MgO+Si 高温 CaSiO3 Na2SiO3+CO2

SiO2+2NaOH＝Na2SiO3+H2O (常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃) SiO2+Na2CO3SiO2+CaCO3

高温 高温 CaSiO3+CO2

2NaOH+SiO2＝Na2SiO3+H2O

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方程式素材库 作者：湖南新邵二中 黄美华

Z

Zn

Zn +S

△ ZnS

Zn + 2HCl ＝ ZnCl2 + H2↑ Zn + H2SO4 ＝ ZnSO4 + H2↑ Zn + 2NaOH ＝ Na2ZnO2 + H2↑ Zn + 2FeCl3 ＝2FeCl2 + ZnCl2

ZnO

ZnO + 2HCl = ZnCl2 + H2O ZnO + 2NaOH = Na2ZnO2 + H2O

Zn(OH)2 Zn(OH)2 +2HCl = ZnCl2 + 2H2O Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH = Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O

Zn(OH)2 + 4NH3·H2O = Zn(NH3)4(OH)2 + 4H2O Zn(OH)2

△ ZnO + H2O

二、热化学方程式

B

B2H6(g) + 3O2(g) = B2O3(s) + 3H2O(l)；△H = - 2165 kJ·mol

-1

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方程式素材库 作者：湖南新邵二中 黄美华

C

C(石墨，s) + O2(g) = CO2(g)；△H = - 393.5 kJ·mol C(金刚石，s) + O2(g) = CO2(g)；△H = - 395.4 kJ·mol-1 C(金刚石，s) = C(石墨，s)； △H= - 1.90 kJ·mol．

C(s) + H2O(g) = CO(g) + H2(g)；△H = + 131.3 kJ·mol-1 C(s) + 1/2 O2(g) = CO(g)；△H = - 110.5 kJ·mol-1 C(s) + O2(g) = CO2(g)；△H = - 393.5 kJ·mol-1 CO (g) + 1/2O2 (g) == CO2 (g)；△H = - 283 kJ·mol-1

CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l) = C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(s)；△H = - 127 kJ·mol

-1

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) = CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)；△H = - 890.3 kJ·mol C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) = 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)；△H = - 1411 kJ·mol-1

-1

C2H2(g) + 5/2O2(g) = 2CO2(g) + H2O(l)；△H = - 1300 kJ·mol C3H8 (g) +5O2 (g) = 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (l)；△H = - 2220.0 kJ·mol-1 C8H18 (l) +25/2O2 (g) = 8CO2 (g) + 9H2O (l)；△H = - 5518 kJ·mol-1

CH3OH (l) + 3/2O2(g) = CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)；△H = - 725.8 kJ·mol-1 C2H5OH (l) + 3O2(g) = 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)；△H = - 1367 kJ·mol-1 C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2(g) = 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)；△H = - 2800 kJ·mol-1

-1

-1

-1

H

H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) == 2HCl (g)；△H = - 184.6 kJ·mol-1

2H2(g) + O2(g) = 2H2O(g)；△H = - 483.6 mol·L-1

-1

H2 (g) + 1/2O2 (g) = H2O (l)；△H = - 241.8 kJ·mol

2H2 (g) + O2 (g) = 2H2O (l)；△H = - 571.6 kJ·mol-1 H2 (g) + 1/2O2 (g) = H2O (l)；△H = - 285.8 kJ·mol-1

2H2O(g) = 2H2(g) + O2(g)；△H = + 483.6 kJ·mol-1 H2O(g) = H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)；△H = + 241.8 kJ·mol-1

2H2O(l) = 2H2(g) + O2(g)；△H = +571.6 kJ·mol-1

-1

H2O(l) = H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)；△H = +285.8 kJ·mol

-1

H2O(l) == H2O(g)；△H = + 44 kJ·mol H2O(g) == H2O(l)；△H = - 44 kJ·mol-1

HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) == NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)；△H = - 57.3 kJ·mol-1

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方程式素材库 作者：湖南新邵二中 黄美华

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) == H2O (l)；△H = - 57.3 kJ·mol-1

N

N2(g) + O2(g) = NO2(g)；△H = + 180.7 kJ·mol-1 N2(g) + 3H2(g) 4 NH3(g) + 5O2(g)

催化剂 △ 2NH3(g)；△H = - 92.4 kJ·mol-1

4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)；△H = - 907 kJ·mol-1．

2NO(g) + O2(g) ＝ 2NO2(g)；△H = - 113 kJ·mol-1．

3NO2(g) + H2O(l) ＝2HNO3(l) + NO(g)；△H = - 136 kJ·mol-1．

-1

N2H4(g) + O2(g) = N2(g) + 2H2O(g)；△H = - 534 kJ·mol N2H4(l) + 2H2O2(l) = N2(g) + 4H2O(g)；△H = - 641.6 kJ·mol-1 2N2H4(g) + 2NO2(g) = 3N2(g) + 4H2O(g)；△H = - 1135.7 kJ·mol．

-1

P

P4(白磷，s) = 4P(红磷，s)；△H = - 66.8 kJ·mol-1．

S

S(g) + O2(g)

SO2(g)；△H = - 297 kJ·mol-1

1/2Fe2O3(s) + 2SO2(g)；△H = - 853 kJ·mol-1 SO3(g)；△H = - 98.3 kJ·mol-1

FeS2(s) + 11/4O2(g) SO2(g) + 1/2O2(g)

SO3(g) + H2O(l) = H2SO4(l)；△H = - 130.3 kJ·mol-1

三、有机反应方程式

(一)、烷烃

CH4 +2O2

CO2 + 2H2O

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