基于单片机的行车记录仪的设计学士学位论文

基于单片机的行车记录仪的设计 DESIGN OF DRIVING RECORDER BASED ON MICROCOMPUTER

摘 要

行车记录仪是安装在汽车上的一种装置，他就像飞机上的黑匣子，可以随时记录车辆的行驶状态和在道路情况，也可以时时的提醒开车人的交通状况，让开车人小心驾驶，避免交通事故，在发生一些交通事故时，还可以调取记录仪记录的信息做为交通事故发生时的证据，保障受害人的权益。随着社会经济的快速发展，汽车已经成为人们出行必不可少的交通工具，与之而来的交通事故也逐年呈现出上升趋势，如果使用行车记录仪的话,就可以有效的遏止疲劳驾驶、车辆超速等交通违章行为，避免一些不必要的灾难。因此，行车记录仪的出现极大的降低了交通事故的发生率。

就目前来说，无论是国内还是国外，对记录仪的研究还都没有达到一个很成熟的地步，或者是技术水平不够，不能够得到让人满意的效果，或者是费用过高，不能有一个让大众可以接受的产品价格，因此现在记录仪还没有普及到每一辆汽车中，只是在一些长途客车上少量的使用，因此对记录仪的研发还有很长的一段路要走。本毕业设计所设计的行车记录仪不追求市场上那种强大的功能，它基于单片机进行设计。通过GPS模块的天线接收数据，将数据通过GPS模块处理后传入单片机中，在单片机中将GPS数据解析为可识别的数据，然后连接液晶显示将信息显示出来。可以实时的显示车辆的位置信息与车辆的行驶状态。本文中详细介绍了单片机的各个引脚功能以及如何实现和其他设备之间的通信。对于GPS模块，详细的介绍了GPS模块的工作原理以及如何对接收到的信号进行解析，最后详细的介绍了如何借助软件对解析完的数据进行处理并在液晶屏中显示，以及如何通过键盘切换液晶屏显示的内容，最终实现记录仪所要完成的功能，即实时记录车辆的位置与行驶状态。

关键字：行车记录仪； GPS模块； 黑匣子

ABSTRACT

Car driving recorder is a device which is mounted in the car, just like the black box in the airplane, not only can which record the car‘s running state and the problem coming from the road, but also can constantly remind the driver noticing the traffic condition, let the driver to drive carefully, in order to avoid the traffic accident. in the event of traffic accidents, It can also get recording information obtaining from the recorder for traffic accident‘s evidence, safeguard the rights of the victims. With the rapid development of social economy, the automobile has become the people's travel indispensable communication tool, with the traffic accident also showed a rising trend year by year, if the use of the recorder, you can curb fatigue driving, speeding and other traffic violations effectively avoid some unnecessary disaster, therefore, vehicle traveling data recorder has greatly reduced the incidence of traffic accidents.

At present, whether domestic or foreign, study of the recorder are still not reached a very mature stage, whether technical level is not enough, can not obtain satisfactory results or the cost is too high, can not let the public to accept the price of the product, so now recorder has not spread to every car, just in the use of a small amount of long-distance bus, so the study towards the recorder has a long way to go.In this article, mainly introduces the design of vehicle traveling data recorder based on MCU. Data is received by the antenna of the GPS module and then it through the GPS module was introduced into the MCU. In the micro-controller, the GPS data is translated for the identifiable data, then display information in the LCD.It can display the position information and the vehicle driving state of vehicle in real-time. This paper introduces in detail the communication between MCU each pin function and how to achieve the communication with other equipments. For the GPS module, describing in detail the working principle of GPS module and how to translate the received signal to the identifiable data.Finally a detailed description of how to use the software to process the data parsed and displayed on the LCD screen, and how to use keyboard switching liquid crystal display screen content, finally realizes the recorder to complete the functions, real-time record the position of the vehicle and driving state.

Keywords：Car driving recorder； GPS module； the black box

目 录

第一章 绪论............................................................................................. 1 第一节 行车记录仪的简介及研究的目的和意义 ................................ 1 第二节 国内外在该方向的研究现状 .................................................... 2 第二章 行车记录仪系统的总体方案设计 ............................................ 4 第一节 行车记录仪的主要功能与系统组成 ........................................ 4 第二节 主要控制芯片的选择 ................................................................ 4 第三章 行车记录仪系统的硬件设计 .................................................... 7 第一节 单片机模块 ................................................................................ 7 第二节 GPS模块 .................................................................................. 11 第三节 存储模块 .................................................................................. 18 第四节 液晶显示模块的硬件设计 ...................................................... 19 第五节 键盘模块 .................................................................................... 20 第四章 行车记录仪系统的软件设计 .................................................. 22 第一节 编程语言的选择 ........................................................................ 22 第二节 主程序的设计 .......................................................................... 23 第三节 GPS接收模块的软件设计 ...................................................... 24 第四节 数据存储模块的软件设计 ...................................................... 25 第五节 键盘和液晶显示模块的软件设计 .......................................... 26 结 论 ....................................................................................................... 27 致 谢 ....................................................................................................... 29 参考文献： ............................................................................................... 30

附 录 ....................................................................................................... 31

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