无机功能材料论文1

无机功能材料课程论文

(工程硕士)

碳纳米管复合材料研究现状及发展

姓 名 周常侠 专 业 化学工程与技术 学 号 2111306015 任课教师 何湘柱 完成时间 2014年01月07日

目 录

目 录 ··································································································································· 1 摘 要 ··································································································································· 2 ABSTRACT ··································································································································· 3 前言 ··········································································································································· 1 第一章.碳纳米管 ····················································································································· 2 1 碳纳米管的结构 ··············································································································· 3 2 碳纳米管的性能 ··············································································································· 3 3 碳纳米管的制备 ··············································································································· 4 4 碳纳米管的处理 ··············································································································· 4 5 碳纳米管的应用 ··············································································································· 5 6 碳纳米管增强复合材料的研究现状 ··············································································· 5 6.1碳纳米管／聚合物复合材料 ···················································································· 5 6.2纳碳纳米管／金属基复合材料 ················································································ 6 6.3碳米碳管／陶瓷基复合材料 ···················································································· 7 第二章. 碳纳米管／聚合物复合材料 ················································································· 13 1 碳纳米管／聚合物复合材料的制备 ············································································· 13 1.1 溶液共混复合法 ····································································································· 13 1.2 熔融共混复合法 ····································································································· 13 1.3 原位复合法 ············································································································· 13 2 聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料的研究现状 ······································································· 13 2.1 碳纳米管/聚合物结构复合材料 ··········································································· 14 2.2 碳纳米管/聚合物功能复合材料 ··········································································· 14 2.2.1 导电复合材料 ····································································································· 14 2.2.2 导热复合材料 ····································································································· 15 2.2.3 其它功能复合材料 ····························································································· 15

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3 制备碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料中存在的问题 ··························································· 16 3.1 碳纳米管在基体中的分散问题 ············································································· 16 3.2 碳纳米管的取向问题 ····························································································· 16 3.3 复合材料成型问题 ································································································· 16 参考文献 ································································································································· 17

摘 要

自从 1991 年日本筑波 NEC 实验室的物理学家饭岛澄男(Sumio Iijima)[1]首次报道了碳纳米管以来，其独特的原子结构与性能引起了科学工作者的极大兴趣。按石墨层数的不同碳纳米管可以 分 为单壁碳 纳 米管(SWNTs) 和多壁碳 纳 米管(MWNTs)。碳纳米管具有极高的比表面积、力学性能(碳纳米管理论上的轴向弹性模量与抗张强度分别为 1~2 TPa 和 200Gpa)、卓越的热性能与电性能(碳纳米管在真空下的耐热温度可达 2800 ℃，导热率是金刚石的 2 倍，电子载流容量是铜导线的 1000 倍)[2-7]。碳纳米管的这些特性使其在复合材料领域成为理想的填料。聚合物容易加工并可制造成结构复杂的构件，采用传统的加工方法即可将聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料加工及制造成结构复杂的构件，并且在加工过程中不会破坏碳纳米管的结构，从而降低生产成本。因此，聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料被广泛地研究。

根据不同的应用目的，聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料可相应地分为结构复合材料和功能复合材料两大类。近几年，人们已经制备了各种各样的聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料，并对所制备的复合材料的力学性能、电性能、热性能、光性能等其它各种性能进行了广泛地研究，对这些研究结果分析表明：聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料的性能取决于多种因素，如碳纳米管的类型(单壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管)，形态和结构(直径、长度和手性)等。文章主要对聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料的研究现状进行综述，并对其所面临的挑战进行讨论。

关键词：碳纳米管，复合材料，结构，性能

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