安卓系统与IOS系统比较—英文文献翻译（适用于毕业论文外文翻译+(2)

maintenance, a relatively low price can attract more and more phone users.

Contrarily, closed platforms lock their source code in the safety and forbid 3rd party accesses. Apple and Microsoft are the representatives of them, they are both closed sourced, but some differences do exists. 3rd party iPhone applications are restricted within narrow limits, for that Apple will look through every application which is uploaded onto ?App Store?, and a lot of applications are turned down.Microsoft don?t check Windows applications at all, it all depends on the users themselves. You installed the mareware, you suffer the loss.

3.2. Application Market

Market is the medium between developers and users, hence it?s very important. Some predicted that there will be more and more application markets while some don?t think so. In current markets, both do exist. Some specify only one market for their products, while others sell their softwares in various markets.

Softwares from Nokia, Microsoft and Linux Mobile are sold in every market. Developers of these platforms can release their own application in whatever markets, so markets have to compete with each other for a living. This is good for users. However, the lack of universal management may lead to mess and chaos, softwares that have the same functionality exist in different markets, which confuses users a lot.

Correspondingly, sole markets claim that most applications should be sold in them. This kind of monopolization leads to no competitor. ?App Store? and ?Android Market? are deputy of sole markets. Normally, iPhone applications can only be found in ?App Store?, and Apple will check every one of them by itself. Good news is that every application in ?App Store? is officially tested, it?s safe; Bad news is that a lot of pretty good softwares are rejected for various reasons. And a big unofficial mechanism is built by hackers, that is ?jailbreak? and ?SIM unlock?.

?Jailbreak? is a process that allows iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch users to gain root access and unlock the operating system thus removing any limitations imposed upon them by Apple. Once jailbroken, iPhone users are able to download many extensions and themes previously unavailable through the App Store via installers such as Cydia. A jailbroken iPad, iPhone or iPod Touch is still able to use the App Store and iTunes [9].

And a ?SIM lock? is a capability built into GSM phones by mobile phone manufacturers. Network

providers use this capability to restrict the use of these phones to specific countries and network providers.Generally, phones can be locked to accept only SIM

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cards based on the International Mobile Subscriber Identity. ?SIM unlock? make it possible to use a mobile phone without considering countries and networks specified by mobile phone manufacturers.

However in Android, Google doesn?t test every application at all, so although there?s an official market for Android applications, you can still release your product anywhere you want. Considering security problems, Google banned the use of some components. Like ?jailbreak? and ?SIM unlock? in iPhone, ?root? in Android gives users 100% control of their devices, along with some security risks. ?Root? is a process that allows users of cellphones running the Android operating system to attain privileged control (known as \access\within Android's Linux subsystem, similar to jailbreaking on Apple devices running the iOS operating system, overcoming limitations that the carriers and manufacturers put on such phones. Rooting makes it possible to use custom versions of the Android system such as CyanogenMod, supporting features unavailable in stock ROMs. It also allows for newer versions of Android not supplied by the original device manufacturer. In contrast to iOS jailbreaking, rooting is not needed to run applications not distributed by the official Android Market. It is needed however, when trying to access paid Android applications from countries which are not part of the paid applications market.

3.3. Integration

Some companies focus only on their core industry, i.e. develop an operating system and provide an environment for 3rd party development. Others not only do these, but manage the process of developing a software to publicizing it. Depending on the integration of platforms, we sort them to 4 kinds: full integration platform, market integration platform, device integration platform and no integration platform.

The publicizing model of full integration platform is very strict. Its management ranges from device manufacturing to application release, whose representative is Apple. Apple?s factory produces iPhone, Apple?s ?App Store? sells application, Apple?s ?iTunes? is the channel of Apple?s resources. The whole process is under Apple?s control.

Market integration platforms commit themselves to developing and selling softwares. Google is one of them. Unlike apple, Google don?t have a factory to manufacture its own handsets, but only developed Android and set up ?Android Market? for Android applications. However, companies like Google definitely have the capability to produce its own devices. Google is in good relationship with HTC,

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who is the OEM of T-Mobile, O2 and Orange, etc.

Device integration platforms produce their own handsets, but don?t set up application markets. Forexample, RIM makes Blackberry, but there?s no official application market for Blackberry. No integration platforms do few things. Microsoft neither makes mobile phones, nor sets up a market.What they do is only developing the operating system: Windows Phone 7.

4. Conclusion

Representatives of open and closed platforms, Android 2.2 Froyo and iOS 4 are both loved and hated.Great browsers are built into them, and their producers are both world famous revolutionary. Android leans to Internet experience, which comes down in one continuous line with Google. But currently, various versions of Android fill the market, and most companies in Open Handset Alliance tend to customize their own Android systems. These facts make Android lack of a general brand image, so people may feel confused and say ?No? to Android. iPhone OS focuses more on entertainment and it?s very friendly. But Apple is too cool to attract more customers: Diehard fans of Steve Jobs buy every product made by Apple, and people who dislike the style Apple do things may just sniffed at Apple.

Besides, Android 2.2 Froyo succeeds the features of open platforms well. It?s a ?users only? platform, because users of Froyo can almost customize everything they want. And members of Open Handset

Alliance tend to provide more choices for users. And iOS 4, typically closed platform member, manages everything ranging from OS development to device manufacturing. It?s a ?consider for users? platform.To some extent, users of Android canonizes ?free? and ?open?, what they care is if they have 100% management of their handsets, no matter whether the OS is called ?Android? or ?Another?. Apple users are loyal to the brand; they would like to authorize Apple to make decisions for them. So although some iPhone users love physical keyboards, they bought iPhone. In other words, Android users think a lot of ?open platform? rather than the brand Google; most iPhone users are follower of Apple, they love the ?closed platforms? created by Steve Jobs.

Both Android and iPhone have their unique IDE, SDK and other characteristics. Believe it or not, no perfection exists in the world, so none of today?s mobile platforms fully meets the needs of users and researchers. The choice of platform boils down to the needs of users and researchers, this article should make the decision easier. Of course the content of this article is time sensitive; platforms will gradually

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meet the demands of consumers as new technologies emerging.

References

[1] Dave Mark, Jeff LaMarche. “Beginning iPhone 3 Development: Exploring the iPhone SDK”. 2009.

[2] Erica Sadun. “The iPhone Developer?s Cookbook: Building Application with the iPhone SDK”, 2009.

[3] Ed Burnette. “Hello, Android: Introducing Google?s Mobile Development Platform”, 2009.

[4] W.Frank Ableson, Charlie Collins, Robi Sen. “Unlocking Android: A Developer?s Guide”, 2010.

[5] Hee- Yeon Cho, Choon- Sung Nam, Dong- Ryeol Shin. “A Comparison of Open and Closed Mobile Platforms”.

International Conference on Electronics and Information Engineering, 2010. [6] Ryan C. McKeen, Finis R. Price III. “DROID v iPHONE”. ABA Journal, 2010.

[7] Mies Ginny, Sullivan Mark. “iPhone 4 vs. Droid X: A Head-to-Head Comparison”. PC World, 2010.

[8] Fleishman, Glenn. “More Options With Tomorrow's Cell Phones”. PC World, 2008.

[9] Keller, Mike. “Jailbreaking Your iPhone: The Pros and Cons”. PC World, 2010.

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分析和比较开放和封闭的移动平台

摘 要

随着Android 2.2 Froyo和iPhone 4版本的发布，开放式和封闭式的移动平台之间的战争愈演愈烈。作为双方代表，Froyo和iOS4在制度的框架，新功能，应用市场和一体化模式有很大的不同。据谷歌和苹果的公司精神，我们做上述各点的一些分析和比较，说明Android的差异，从iPhone浅向更深，然后得出结论开放式和封闭式的移动平台的特点，目的是为移动平台的研究人员提供客观的参考，帮助他们对移动行业有更清晰的认识。当然，Froyo和iOS4都具有自己的优势和劣势，他们距离完美还有很大的距离，依然有进一步改善的空间。 关键词：Android；iPhone；Froyo；OS 4；智能手机；移动平台

1 介绍

近年来，智能手机的普及率不断攀升。越来越多的智能手机被卖出和很多人都更加青睐于它们。智能手机给用户带来了极大方便，并为智能手机研究者创建了机会。这就是说，智能手机的广泛普及，对双方都有利双方。同时，智能手机操作系统发展成为最智能的行业之一。要成为一个智能手机操作系统，该系统应：1.提供服务PC式的服务。2.使用GPU得到更绚丽的视觉效果。 3.允许用户在互联网上自由地冲浪。显然，它们也有一些弱点：1，电池的限制。 2。较电脑CPU来说，手机CPU性能差。 3.存储空间小。 4.在手机电池耗尽时，RAM的使用可能会导致数据丢失。

现在智能手机操作系统的两巨头是Android和iPhone OS。一方面，Android是基于Linux内核，Dalvik虚拟机，它是开源的。上层的Android是基于Java的，允许开发者使用谷歌SDK开发Android应用程序和在Android 市场销售他们的软件。另一方面，iPhone操作系统基于Unix内核和达尔文模型，但它是封源的，是从Mac OS X继承而来，是iPhone，iPod Touch和iPad默认的操作系统。基于C语言的软件可以在iPhone OS上运行，就像Android，你可以开发自己的iPhone应用程序，并上传到苹果的App Store进行销售。

通过比较Android和iPhone OS的最新系统：Android 2.2 Froyo和iOS4，我们可以了解下开放式和封闭式的智能手机操作系统的主要特点。虽然两个操作系统的整体思路和功能设计有很大的不同，它初略分辨出哪一个更好一点。

2 智能手机

2.1 Android

Android系统的体系结构由5层，从底部到顶部分别是Linux内核，Android运行库，应用框架和应用程序。Android提供的核心服务，如安全，内存管理，

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