PET5资料大全张鹏150227(4)

后面句子常用虚拟语气。

I love music besides sports.

The house is never used except in winter. The bus is empty except for an old woman.

I don’t know Peter except that he’s an Japanese. There’s nothing but a chair in the room.

But for your help,I wouldn’t have finished my homework.

表原因的介词 of,for,from/out of,from,at

of常与fond, proud, tired连用表情绪上的原因； for表奖惩痛苦出名的原因，或内在心里的原因； from/out of“出于某需要，动机，认识”等原因； from还可指自然，直接的原因； at常指感情上的原因。

I’m proud of having you as a friend. He’s famous for his writing.

They are suffering from starvation. She fell ill from drinking unclean water. His mother is angry at his laziness.

表方式的介词 by,on/in,with,in,through by表“用交通工具”或表“发出某动作”； on/in表用某交通工具；

with用具体的“工具、材料”或伴随“抽象事物”； in用原料或语言；

through通过具体过程，途径，手段，中介。 I go to school by bus. I go to school on a bike. I write with a pen.

Can you say it in English? I learned it through a friend.

(六)形容词、副词

1．形容词修饰名词/代词；副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，在句中可充当定语、状语、补语、表语。

a 定语

形容词 在中心词前 He’s a small Japanese boy. 副词 在中心词后 I’ve got used to the life here. b 状语

形容词 句首/中，表原因/时间 Tired and thirsty, we stopped to have a rest. 句末/中，表伴随/结果 He lay in bed, awake.

副词 在被修饰词前、后修饰全句，位置灵活 You are quite right.

Sometimes he goes to school on foot.

c 表语

形容词,副词 系动词后 He is tired. They are out.

d 补语

形容词 作主补在谓语后 The little boy was found dead.

作宾补在宾语后 He find it very useful. 副词 作主补在谓语后 She was seen out. 作宾补在宾语后 Let me show you out.

注意：

（1）the/these/those+形容词表示一类人/物；成对的形容词这样用时可省去the。 The rich are not always happy. High and low all like this flower.

（2）“enough足够的”作定语时既可放在中心词前也可放在中心词后；但作副词时只能后置。

We have enough food to eat. We have food enough to eat. It’s warm enough.

（3）许多以前缀a-构成的形容词常作后置定语，这样的形容词有：awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep, ashamed等。

It is a book worth reading.

Do you know the man asleep over there? （4）形容词修饰由some/any/no/every与one/body/thing构成的复合不定代词时，要后置。

I have something important to tell you.

（5）形容词（与其他词组/语构成的）短语作定语时要后置。 English is a language difficult to master.

（6）几个副词作状语并列时，位置一般按方式→地点→时间顺序排列。 He came here by air yesterday.

（7）几个形容词并列作表语时，并列的词之间用逗号隔开，最后两个词之间用and(but/yet)等连接，并列词的先后顺序较灵活（有时将强调的词放在最后）。

He is tall,dark and handsome.

2. 形容词、副词比较等级的构成及形式：

规则变化

单音节词和少数以-er, -ow, -le, -y结尾的双音节词 一般 tall 加-er taller 加-est tallest 以不发音e结尾 noble 加-r nobler 加-st noblest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 wet big 双写最后辅音字母再加-er wetter

bigger 双写最后辅音字母再加-est wettest biggest

辅音字母加-y结尾的词 easy

heavy 改y为i再加-er easier heavier 改y为i再加-est easiest heaviest

多音节词，多数双音节词及部分加-ly等变来或由分词变来的词 delicious slowly tired

tiresome 词前加more more delicious more slowly more tired

more tiresome 词前加most most delicious most slowly most tired most tiresome

不规则变化

good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least old elder eldest older oldest

far farther farthest further furthest late later latest latter last

注意：

（1）形容词最高级前要用the,而副词最高级前的the可省。

（2）下面这些词的比较等级可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most构成。

cruel, often, able, clear, clever, correct, dear, free, friendly, happy, handsome, likely, lively, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc.

5. 形容词、副词比较等级常用的句型及用法：

原级

没有比较 very / so / quite / too, etc. +原级 It was very warm yesterday. 二者比较程度相同 as+原级+as+比较对象 You are as clever as Mike.

一方是另一方的几倍 ...times as+原级+as+比较对象 This bridge is five times as long as that one.

二者比，程度不同 ...not as+原级+as+比较对象 You are not as tall as he.

二者比，前者不如后者 ...not so+原级+as+比较对象 Math isn’t so hard as physics.

比较级

二者比，一方比另一方更? 比较级+than... You’re younger than Tom.

二者比，A比B?得多， much / a lot /a little, rather,a great deal It’s much hotter today than it was yesterday.

A比B甚至还要?/一点 a bit/far/even/still/a little, etc.+比较级+than He’s still stronger than Jack. He’s far older than you.

表“越来越?” 比较级+and+同一比较级 She’s getting fatter and fatter.

表“越?就越?” the+比较级+?，the+比较级+?， The more you ask, the more you’ll understand.

A比B（高，长?）多少倍 ...times+比较级+than This line is four times longer than that one.

在二者中哪个是更?的那个 Which / Who is the+比较级+of the two? Who is the taller of the twins?

哪个更?，A还是B？ Which/Who+谓+比较级，A or B? Who runs faster, Lily or Mary?

表“越来越?” 比较级and+另一比较级+than+? He’s getting healthier and stronger than his brother.

表“比?更少”或“不如?” less+原级或名词+than Tom made less mistakes than Jack.

This story is less interesting than that one. She’s less rich than he.

表“与其说”，“不如?”，“不止?” more+原级+than She is more hard-working than clever.

more+名词+than Mr.Smith is more an artist than a teacher.

more+than+原级/名词 She’s more than a teacher. She’s more than tired.

表“并不比某某?”或“与某某一样不?” no+比较级+than? She’s no taller than you.

最高级 三者或三者以上比较“某某最?” (the)+最高级+of+复数名词 He runs fastest of the boys.

在某区域的“最?” (the)+最高级+in+单数集体名词或地点 He is the tallest in his class.

“在三者或三者以上当中最?之一” one of the+最高级+复数名词+? She’s one of the best students in this class.

“第几大/长?” the+序数词+最高级(+名词)+in+区域 It is the second longest river in the world.

“三者以上当中谁/哪个最?” Which/Who+谓语+（the）最高级，A、B、C or D? Who jumps highest, Tom,Jack or Smith?

(七)冠词

1．冠词的概念及种类：

不定冠词 a/an 表示“一”，强调类别 用于单数可数名词前，表泛指 a pen/an Englishman

定冠词 the the bike/the water/the empty box

this这,that那,these这些,those那些用于各类名词前，表特指

2．不定冠词a/an的用法：

用于单数可数名词前，指类别 Joan is an English teacher.

用于单数可数名词前，泛指某人或物 There’s a letter for you. 用于指初次提到某人/物 She has a dog.

指某类物或人中的“任何一个” A horse runs fast.

用在不可数名词前表“一次/场/”或“一个/种人或物” I would like a coffee. 用于时间、度量衡名词前表“每一” He has two meals a day. 用于某些习惯用语或固定词组中 as a result(of),have a rest have a chat,in a hurry have a word with sb. a little,a lot(of),a pair of a cup of,a great deal of

3.定冠词the的常见用法：

用在序数词前 Tom is always the first to get to school.

用在形容词最高级前 Is it the most difficult lesson in this term?

特指双方都知道的人/物 Did you go to the hospital just now?

指前面出现的人/物 He has a dog.The dog is named Huzi.

指世上独一无二的事物前 The sun rises in the east.

用在被修饰限定的人/物前 Do you know the boy talking with our teacher?

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库PET5资料大全张鹏150227(4)在线全文阅读。