第41讲 阅读理解(一)
阅读理解。(2014，安徽)
Tony Wheeler was born to travel.His father worked for an airline.For the first 16 years of his life，Wheeler and his family lived in many different countries.
In the early 1970s，Tony met a young woman named Maureen.They soon married.Before getting jobs，Tony and Maureen wanted to travel.They took a year-long trip from England，through Asia，to Australia.On the trip，they visited places like Iran (伊朗)，India，and so on.
When Tony and Maureen arrived in Australia，people asked many questions about their trip.To answer these questions，Wheeler wrote a book called Across Asia on the Cheap.The book told people about different countries' weather，customs (风俗)，and places to see.But unlike other travel books then，Tony Wheeler's book also talked about places most tourists did not go.He also wrote about unusual things to see and do.The book was very popular.
Tony and Maureen started a company called Lonely Planet.They continued travelling.They wrote books for each place they visited.Today，800 people work for Lonely Planet.The company has over 650 books.Tony Wheeler，the great traveller，still writes about travels to many places and will bring us more surprises.
1．Tony Wheeler and his wife ended the year-long trip in __D__． A．England B．Iran C．India D．Australia
2．Tony Wheeler wrote the book Across Asia on the Cheap to __D__． A．make money for his next trip B．tell people about his new company C．draw people's attention to his family D．answer people's questions about his trip
3．How was the book Across Asia on the Cheap different from other travel books then？__C__ A．It was longer and more popular. B．It was the first travel book in the world. C．It talked about places most tourists did not go. D．It talked about a country's weather and customs.
4．Which of the following is TRUE about Tony Wheeler's company？__C__ A．His father started it. B．It is an airline company. C．Hundreds of people work for it. D．It has no books about travelling. 5．The passage mainly talks about __A__． A．a great traveller and his books B．a tour of different countries C．a great writer and his family D．different kinds of companies
“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。
从近几年安徽的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和判断正误题。
做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后难。做题时不必拘泥
于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。
(一)主旨概括题
主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。
(二)细节理解题
细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。
【例1】(2013，温州)
It has been more than two thousand years since we began to use an umbrella on rainy days.However，people often felt it not convenient to hold an umbrella while working.Then the rubber raincoat was invented by an Englishman named Macintosh in 1823.
In 1492，Columbus，a well-known Italian voyager，discovered the New World—the Americas.He brought a lot of things to Europe from South America.Rubber was one of them，but people didn't know the use of rubber at that time.In 1770，people found that the rubber could be used as erasers.
Macintosh was a worker in an eraser factory in Scotland.One day he spilled (洒出) the rubber liquid over his clothes carelessly when making erasers.He was too busy to clean it and went back home wearing the dirty clothes.On the way home，it rained heavily.Having no umbrella，Macintosh had to run home quickly.When he got home，he took off the wet clothes.To his surprise，the area of the clothes with rubber wasn't wet.“Why not make a rubber raincoat？” Macintosh thought.The next day he brushed the rubber liquid all over a coat.He wore the“rubber coat” on rainy days and took a walk in the field to test if it could really keep off the rain.Surprisingly，the clothes inside the “rubber coat”weren't wet at all.The rubber raincoat was created in this way by chance.
The rubber raincoats soon appeared on the market.However，they were sticky (黏的) in summer and hardened in winter.Year after year，people kept on improving the raincoats.Today
raincoats are widely used in our daily life.
1．The rubber raincoat was invented by______． A．a Chinese B．an Italian C．an Englishman D．an American
解析：细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句．..was invented by an Englishman...可知，雨衣是由英国人发明的。
答案：__C__
2．What did Columbus bring to Europe in 1492? A．Rubber. B．Umbrellas. C．Erasers. D．Raincoats.
解析：细节理解题。由第二段的第二、三句“He brought a lot of things...Rubber was one of them...”可知，Columbus把橡胶带到了欧洲。
答案：__A__
3．Why did Macintosh wear the “rubber coat”on rainy days? A．To show his nice “rubber coat”． B．To sell it to a farmer.
C．To test if it could keep off the rain. D．To go to work in the field.
解析：细节理解题。由第三段倒数第三句“...took a walk in the field to test if it could really keep off the rain.”可知，他在雨天穿橡胶外套是为了测试它是否真的能够挡雨。
答案：__C__
4．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Macintosh worked in a market in the Scotland. B．The rubber raincoat was created by chance. C．The first rubber raincoat was sticky in the winter. D．The umbrella was invented after the rubber raincoat.
解析：细节理解题。由第三段最后一句．..was created in this way by chance.可知，雨衣是被偶然发明的。
答案：__B__
(2014，宜宾)
Moms take care of their children life and dads bring home food and make the family rules.These are the roles moms and dads fall into when they become parents and it's common among all cultures.But times change and parents' roles seem to be changing，too.More women are bringing home food by having full-time jobs and men are taking care of their children at home.
Chinese TV show Where Are We Going，Dad？provides a closer look at the changing roles of dads in modern family life.The show follows the adventures (冒险经历) of five celebrity (明星) dads who take trips with their young children (aged 4 to 6) and try to complete a set of tasks.It shows how young dads are trying hard to find the best way to raise their children and keep a closer relationship with them.Young dads no longer want to be cold.
Psychologists (心理学家) say that a strong fatherly influence is important in a child's development.Fathers teach their children skills and encourage them to try new things.They also give them a sense of safety.A child learns that if something goes wrong，he or she can depend on dad to help fix it.The psychologists also say that without a dad，a child is more possible to drop out of school and get into trouble.
A mother's love is important，and so is a father's love.Chen Mo，a psychology professor says，“It takes both parents to raise a child.Children have different needs at different ages and this needs to be considered by both parents.”
1．What are the common roles of moms and dads in all cultures？__A__ A．Moms take care of their children and dads bring home food and make the family rules. B．Moms bring home food by having full-time jobs and dads take care of their children at home.
C．Both parents take care of their children at home.
D．Both parents go out to work，while grandparents take care of their children at home.
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