英语语法专题--非谓语动词(3)

11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor‘s office. A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put 陷阱：容易误选B或C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。

分析：正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如（答案选A）： I got out of the taxi, _____ the fare and dashed into the station.

A. paid B. paying C. to pay D. having paid 但是，下面一题稍有不同：

Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened

此题答案选B，leaving 在此表结果，lying open 与其前的动词leave有关，leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。

12. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well. A. be, to do B. was, doing C. be, doing D. was, to do 陷阱：容易误选B。

分析：其实正确答案是A。分析如下：

（1） 第一空填 be，是因为insisted 后接that从句，从句谓语要用―should+动词原形‖这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。

（2） 第二空要填to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是 …should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of … to do sth （利用……做某事）这一结构。另外，还有 make the most of （尽量利用），make the best of （尽量利用）等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子： （1） The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ______ the power station.

A. to build B. building C. build D. built 此题答案选 A，不是 B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构： …make use of every part of the materials to build the power station

由此可见，make use of 的宾语是 every part of the materials，其后的不定式 to build the power station 为目的状语。

（2） Does the way you thought of _______ the water clean make any sense?

A. making B. to make C. how to make D. having made 13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out 陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。

分析：答案选A。此句结构较复杂，现分析如下：

（1） that they would like to see _____ the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句。 （2） 由于 the plan 与空格处的 carry out 有被动关系，故填过去分词 carried out。 请做以下类似试题：

（1） Who do you think you‘d like _____ with you, a boy or a girl?

A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go 在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子： I think I‘d like to have a boy go with me.

句中的 go 要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中，假若对名词a boy 提问，便可得出：

Who do you think you‘d like to have go with you? 对照上面一题，答案很显然是A。

（2） Who did the boss _____ his car this time?

A. make wash B. make to wash C. make washing D. making to wash 在做此题之前，也请先看看下面这个句子： The boss made Jack wash his car this time. 假若对句中的名词Jack 提问，便可得出： Who did the boss make wash his car this time? 由此可知上面题答案为A。

（3） You can never imagine what great difficulty I had ______ your house all by myself. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding

此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是 have great difficulty （in） doing sth。 14. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last. A. to has come B. to have come C. to having come D. has come 陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。

分析：其实正确答案是A。大家知道，短语 look forward to意为―盼望‖，其中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词要用动名词，许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是，句中介词 to 的宾语不是have come，而是the holiday。正解的句子分析是：the holiday为句子主语，we have been looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句（介词 to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，被省略），has come 是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题： （1） The man you referred to _____ just now. A. comes B. come C. coming D. came

答案选D，句子主语为 the man，you referred to 为修饰 the man 的定语从句，空白处填 came，为句子谓语。 （2） The theory he sticks to ______ to be of no use in our studies. A. proves B. prove C. proving D. be proved

答案选A，he sticks to 是修饰主语 the theory 的定语从句，句子的基本结构为 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.

（3） The work he devoted his time to _____ worth praising. A. was B. be C. being D. been

答案选A，he devoted his time to 是修饰主语 the work 的定语从句。句子的基本结构为 The work was worth praising.

（4） I think this is the very work that we must finish ____ her. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped

答案是 A。句中空格处填的动词help 并不是 finish 的宾语，正确的句子分析是：that I must finish 是修饰名词 the very work 的定语从句，finish 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，其后的不定式 to help her 是目的状语。 （5） Which do you enjoy ____ your weekend, swimming or fishing? A. spending B. being spent C. spend D. to spend

答案选 D。enjoy 的宾语是句首的疑问词 which，不是其后的动词 spending。此题中的 to spend… 用作目的状语。 （5） What the boy enjoys _____ to have a room of his own. A. being B. to be C. is D. are

答案选C，而不选A。what the boy enjoys 是主语从句，空格处填的 is 为谓语动词。

（6） Nothing that he suggested _____ to be of any use. A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove

答案选B，而不选C。句子主语是 nothing，that he suggested 是修饰主语的定语从句，suggested 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，而不是其后的动词；句子谓语是 proved。全句意为―他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。‖ （7） The old house we paid a visit _____ at the top of the hill.

A. standing B. to stand C. to standing D. to stands

答案选D。we paid a visit to 是修饰the old house 的定语从句，句中的stands 为主句谓语。 （8） The life he is now used _____ quite different from ours. A. is B. to be C. to being D. to is

答案选D。句中he is now used to 是修饰 the life 的定语从句，to 后的动词 is 是句子的谓语，句意为―他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同‖。

（9） The work he paid special attention _____ to nothing.

A. came B. to come C. to coming D. to came

答案选D。句中的he paid special attention to 是修饰 the work 的定语从句，to 后的动词 came 是句子的谓语，句意为―他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了‖。

（10） The result what he said would lead _____ his regret in the future. A. is B. to be C. to being D. to was

答案选D。句中what he said would lead to 是修饰 the result 的定语从句，to 后的动词 was 是句子的谓语，句意为―他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔‖。

15. _______ the road round to the right and you‘ll find his house. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 陷阱：容易误选B或C，误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。

分析：正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and 可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样，则答案为B： _______ the road round to the right, you‘ll find his house. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 但是，若改成下面一题这样，则答案为C（不定式短语表目的）： _______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 请做以下试题，答案均选A，都是因为句中的并列连词 and（填空句为祈使句）： （1） _______ to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town. A. Get B. To get C. Getting D. Having got （2） ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drinking （3） ______ me, and then try to copy what I do.

A. Watch B. Watching C. To watch D. Have watching （4） _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it. A. Look B. Looking C. To look D. Having looked （5） _____ it with me and I‘ll see what I can do.

A. Leave B. Leaving C. If you leave D. When left

有时不用连词连接句子，而用破折号，情况也是一样（答案均选A）。如：

（6） _____ down the radio — the baby‘s asleep in the next room. A. Turn B. Turning C. to turn D. To have turned （7） _____ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it. A. Try B. Trying C. To try D. To have tried

以下各题也应选A，是因为句中的从属连词 when, before, until 等（填空句为祈使句）： （8） ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone. A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given （9） ______ left when you get to the end of the street. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept （10） ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough. A. Put B. Putting C. To put D. To be putting （11）______ until the lights have turned to green.

A. Wait B. To wait C. Waiting D. Having waited

（12） ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together. A. Join B. To join C. Joining D. Joined 以下各题也应选A，因为填空句为祈使句：

（13） I don‘t want to listen a long story — just _____ me the result. A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. to be telling （14） Why stand there watching — _____ and help us! A. come B. coming C. to come D. to be coming （15） Don‘t waste your money on silly things — ______ it. A. save B. to save C. saving D. having saved （16） First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water.

A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cooking C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking

（17） To test eggs, _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they‘re bad, if they sink they‘re good. A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting

但是请注意，类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同，所填部分为目的状语（用不定式，即答案选B）： （18） ______ French well, she went to France to live with his cousins. A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Having studied （19） _____ late in the morning, Mr. Smith turned off the alarm. A. Sleep B. To sleep C. Sleeping D. Having slept （20） ______ the flies out, we had to shut all the doors and windows. A. Keep B. To keep C. Keeping D. Having kept （21） ______ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English. A. Improving B. To improve C. Improve D. Having improved

【经典例题解析】

1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did‘t include women players until 1919. A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

析：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除A、D；因B选项表―将要被举行‖意，不合题干之用，只有C选项（相当于which was first played）才合用。

2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.

A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 析：B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表―将要使得‖，这都不合题干情景。只有A.making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。

3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening. A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking

析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D应排除。Take后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为A。 4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment. A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing

析：根据be made to do sth.句式，可定答案为A。

5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation. A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating

析：根据warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律，又可排除A，而定C。

6．——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change? A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D。若将B项改为try to go，则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案仍为D。 7．______ a reply,he decided to write again. A.Not receiving B.Receiving not

C.Not having received D.Having not received

析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位，B、D皆为错误形式。A项不能表达先于decided的动作，只有选C项才表没收到信在先，决定再写信在后，所以C为正确答案。

8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer. A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented

析：consider表―考虑‖意时，其后动词用doing形式，此处不表―考虑‖，而表―认为‖，这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式。据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表―要发明‖意，不合题用，只有C表―发明了‖意，才合题用，故选C。

【练习】 1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 2. When you‘re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.

A. have B. having C. and have D. and having 3. I felt it a great honour ______ to speak to you.

A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked 4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family.

A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don‘t know what country he studied in.

A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.

A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.

A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying 9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.

A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up

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