新大学英语综合教程Unit4 5 7 课文原文及翻译(2)

The scientists found that people with at least some college education were found to be more helpful partners in the quitting process as well as more easily influenced by others to toss their smokes. Christakis points out that past studies showed that people in higher socioeconomic classes were the first to embrace social trends—one of those, ironically, being smoking in the early 20th century.

科学家们发现，人们至少有一些大学教育被认为是更有帮助的合作伙伴，在戒烟过程以及由其他人更容易受影响折腾自己的烟。 克里斯塔基斯指出，过去的研究表明，人们在更高的社会经济阶层是第一个拥抱的社会发展趋势，其中之一，具有讽刺意味的，是吸烟的20世纪初。

One of the goals of an education, says co-author Fowler, is to make people more receptive to social norms. \he says. \—specifically smoking.\

其中的教育目标，合着者福勒说，是为了让人们更容易接受社会规范。 “教育可以帮助人们走到一起，在一个特定的项目协调，”他说。 “这里的项目是健康行为，具体吸烟。”

In an editorial accompanying the study in the (NEJM), Steven Schroeder, a professor of health and health care at the University of California, San Francisco, warned about the marginalization of stalwart puffers. \people with the highest rates of smoking—persons with mental illness, problems with substance abuse or both,\condition. Adding the further burden of the stigma associated with smoking makes it even harder for them to achieve the wellness that they and their families seek.\

在伴随研究的社论中（NEJM），史蒂芬施罗德，健康和卫生保健加州，旧金山大学的教授，警告伟岸河豚的边缘化。 “吸烟的边缘化的危险在于，它进一步隔离了一群人与吸烟的人患有精神疾病的发病率最高，问题与物质滥用或两者兼而有之，”他写道。 “这些人已经被污名化的潜在的精神状态。添加与吸烟相关的耻辱的进一步负担使得它更难为他们实现他们和他们的家人寻求健康。”

Unit 7 Science and Ethics 科学与伦理

Civilizations are often measured by their material progress and, in part, this is fair since improved living standards often decrease human suffering. It is the inner life of a people, however, that guides its material prowess; and altruism and compassion are the cornerstones that mark a truly great civilization. The twin behemoths of modern civilization -- science and technology -- have indeed brought wonders into our lives. Yet we continue to suffer, in some cases because of

science and technology, for while they bring benefits, they also challenge our humanity and can threaten our very existence.

文明的进步往往是由他们的材料测量，在某种程度上，这是公平的因为生活水平的提高，往往减少人类的痛苦。然而这是一个的人，内心生活，使得材料的能力；和利他主义和同情是标记一个真正伟大的文明的基石。现代文明双巨头——科学和技术——确实为我们的生活带来奇迹。然而，我们会继续，在某些情况下，由于科学技术，为他们带来好处，他们也挑战我们的人性，可以威胁我们的生存。

Some feel religion may act as a safeguard against the moral abuse of scientific knowledge.

Unfortunately, the contentious relations between science and religion since the end of the Dark Ages has divorced, among other things, a sense of ethics from science as a discipline. It is important to remember, however, that technology, science, and religion do not cause the problems or create the solutions of civilization; it is we who are the problem and the solution, and scientists must look to their own thought and standards for moral guidance.

有些人觉得宗教可能作为对科学知识的道德滥用保障。不幸的是，科学与宗教之间的有争议的关系从黑暗时代的结束已经离婚了，在其他事情上，伦理意识从科学作为一门学科。重要的是要记住，但是，技术，科学，和宗教不造成问题或创造文明的解决方案；它是我们自己的问题和解决方法，科学家们必须注意自己的思想和道德指导标准。

From time immemorial people have sensed that they are more than their bodies. That the transcendental experience, well documented throughout the ages, is not within the purview of modern science does not mean that it does not exist. Invisible phenomena are an accepted arena of science, and the unseen 90% of the matter in the cosmos and the 90% of an iceberg below the surface suggest that the invisible is at least equal in importance to the visible. Consequently scientists in their search for ethical bearings would be well advised to consider the unseen and the transcendental. Most scientific theories omit consciousness as a causative factor, but it is difficult to conceive of law and design, so obvious from the \begin to explore consciousness in earnest and continue to work toward a unified understanding of all natural phenomena, the day will come when consciousness and matter are seen as one, and this one will be seen as the heart of manifestation.

自古以来，人们已经意识到，他们比他们的身体先验经验。有据可查的古往今来，不在现代科学的权限并不意味着它不存在。看不见的现象是科学公认的竞技场，和宇宙中的物质的看不见的90%和表面下的冰山90%表明无形的至少是同等重要的可见。因此，科学家们在他

们的伦理轴承搜索应该考虑看不见的和先验的。最科学的理论忽略了意识作为一种致病因素，但很难想象法和设计，从“开始那么明显，没有它。科学家已经开始探索意识在认真和努力的所有自然现象的一个统一的认识，这一天会到来，当意识和物质被视为一个，这一个将被视为表现的心。

In recent decades, despite its exclusive concentration on matter, science has continued to broaden its approach and findings. Gaia, the web of life, and other biological and ecological conceptions present the idea of oneness as integral to nature. The search for a unified field theory in physics is also an acknowledgment of interdependence and an underlying unity.

Oneness has many implications for science, not the least of which is moral; for a connection of all things with each other, and all things as reflections of the One, changes how we consider our actions.

近几十年来，尽管物质其独有的浓度，科学不断扩大的方法和结果。盖亚，生命之网，和其他生物和生态概念提出合一的理念为积分性质。一个统一场理论物理学中的搜索也是一个相互依存的确认与内在统一。一对科学多方面的影响，而不仅仅是道德；对于所有事物的相互之间的关系，与万物为一的思考，改变了我们如何考虑我们的行动。

Cause and effect is the very foundation of the modern scientific method; without it

experimentation to test a hypothesis would be meaningless. When contemplating new scientific advances, and especially their technological applications, we need to ask what the effects will be -- not only in the laboratory, but also on individuals and societies. Decisions should not be based solely on the alleged benefits that a new discovery may have; the detriments must be considered as well. Going beyond public-relations ethicists, advantage/disadvantage analysis should take into account nature, culture, and the moral weaknesses of humanity. Pure science does not mean isolated science. Its fundamental tool (cause and effect) and leading edge theory (oneness) are sufficient to explore science's responsibility not only for those immediately involved, but for all beings, human and other.

因果是现代科学方法的基础；没有它的实验测试的假设是没有意义的。当考虑新的科学进步，特别是科技的应用，我们需要问会产生什么影响——不仅在实验室，而且对个人和社会。决定不应该仅仅根据所谓的好处，新的发现可能的危害；还必须考虑。超越公共关系的伦理学家，优势/劣势分析应考虑到自然，文化，和人类的道德缺陷。纯科学并不意味着孤立的科学。它的基本工具（因果）和前沿理论（唯一）足以探索科学的责任不仅对那些立即介入，而且对于所有人类，人类和其他。

The world of randomness where human beings descend from animals, live one life, and then cease to exist, recognizes no grand destiny or ethics, and sees evolution as related to bodies not beings. Contrast this scientific/technological worldview with the wisdom tradition, where all beings are sparks of the One continuously unfolding their infinite capacity in a purposeful

universe, subject to causes and effects over countless lifetimes. How differently might these two viewpoints approach cloning, stem-cell research, in-vitro fertilization, vivisection, abortion, and similar issues. Rather than stopping the advancement of science, let us look at where we are going. Do we really want to support the torture of animals? Should optimal health rather than the study of disease be our emphasis? If we are ever-evolving consciousnesses, how does

engineering our physical forms advance us? Is finding ways to control nature more important than finding ways to live in harmony with her? Do we diminish our humanity when we proceed down some avenues of exploration? The questions we ask and the answers we find depend on our sense of who we are and where we are going.

随机性在人类起源于动物世界，活的生命，然后不复存在，没有伟大的命运或伦理，并把进化为人类身体不相关。这一科学技术观的智慧传统的对比，那里的众生都是一个不断展开的有目的的宇宙无限容量的火花，受到过无数轮回的原因和影响。如何不同，可能这两个观点的方法克隆，干细胞研究，体外受精，活体解剖，流产，和类似的问题。而不是停止科学的进步，让我们看看我们要去的地方。我们真的想支持动物的折磨？应该是最佳的健康而不是疾病的研究是我们的重点？如果我们不断发展的意识，我们如何推进我们工程物理形式？发现控制自然比寻找生活在和谐与她的方式更重要的方面？我们减少我们人类当我们进行探索的一些途径？我们问的问题，我们找到这些问题的答案取决于我们了解我们是谁，我们要去的地方。

The Star Wars series presents two metaphors for future human potential: Luke Skywalker and his father, Darth Vader. The son emphasizes the mystical path where the forces of nature are used with a sense of service to others; the father emphasizes the path of applied technology

accompanied by selfish gratification for power. Both use nature and technology, but it is their sense of morality that matters most. What kind of humanity do we want to become, and how do we affect evolution? These questions are important when considering the areas of scientific investigation our civilization should pursue.

星球大战系列提出了人类未来潜在的两个可能：天行者卢克和他的父亲，达斯·维德。儿子强调神秘的道路，自然的力量是用有服务他人；父亲强调应用技术伴随着自私的满足电力的路径。使用自然和技术，但这是他们的道德，最重要的意义。我们想成为什么样的人做什么，以及我们如何影响进化？这些问题都是重要考虑的科学研究领域应该追求我们的文明。 The human mind approaches meaning in many ways. Sometimes it proceeds by searching and studying nature in a systematic manner conforming to particular rules; sometimes it gathers and coordinates natural or intuited truths intellectually; sometimes it plumbs the depths of inner reality, exploring through its mystical and transcendental capacities. In their lower expressions these three -- science, philosophy, and spirituality -- can all be divisive and dogmatic; in their purity of expression all three can lead toward truth and have the capacity to uncover and

encourage a universal ethic. Perhaps combined, a synergy benefiting humanity may far exceed any one discipline alone. Today, as always, science stands on the verge of an enormous divide: whether to see its role as an agent for the material betterment of society or for the far-reaching betterment of humanity and all nature, inner and outer.

人类思维方法在许多方面的意义。有时，它通过搜索和符合特定的规则系统地研究自然；有时它收集和协调自然的或直觉的真理智慧；有时公司内部现实的深处，探索其神秘超凡的能力。在低表达这三个——科学，哲学，和灵性——都可以分裂和教条；在纯度表达的所有三可以导致对真理和发现和鼓励一个普世伦理能力。也许一个协同组合，造福人类的可能远远

超过任何一个学科单独。今天，像往常一样，站在一个巨大的科学划分界限：是否看到其对于社会的物质生活和人类的深远的改善和所有自然的角色，内、外。

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