河北八所重点中学2018-2018学年第二学期高三英语
一、阅读理解
If you look at the night sky, you’ll often see stars moving very quickly. In fact, they move much more quickly than they should according to their size and the laws of physics.
Scientists do not completely understand why the speed of these stars is so high. But many believe the reason is that much of the universe is made of something called “dark matter”. Groups of stars called galaxies, such as the Milky Way, might even be made up of 90 percent dark matter.
How much something weighs depends on where it is. The same object weighs only half as much on Mars as it does on Earth and almost three times as much on Jupiter. So scientists prefer to talk about the mass (质量) of something rather than how much it weighs, because mass does not change. They can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move at.
Recently, Jorge Pe?arrubia, a senior academic at Edinburgh University, UK, and his team discovered something interesting: The mass of the Milky Way is only half as much as the mass of another nearby galaxy, Andromeda. This seems strange, and dark matter may explain why.
Finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began, but this is not easy. Lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem.
We can’t see dark matter, it’s very difficult to measure and we can’t find out its mass. Unlike stars, dark matter doesn’t produce or reflect light. But we can make a good guess that it is there because of the way things move and the way light bends. Experts now think dark matter may be very different from the matter that we find on Earth. There may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter.
1．Something that weighs 15kg on Earth weighs about _____ on Mars and _____ on Jupiter. A. 7.5 kg, 45 kg B. 30 kg, 45 kg C. 45 kg, 7.5 kg D. 5 kg, 30 kg
2．The author mentions the masses of the Milky Way and Andromeda mainly to _____.
A. explain why the same object has a different weight on different stars B. compare the distance between the Milky Way and Andromeda
C. show that studying dark matter could help to answer some scientific questions D. support the idea that scientists prefer to talk about mass instead of weight 3．Dark matter is difficult to investigate because _____. A. it travels at a very fast speed
B. we can’t see where it is or measure its mass
C. it’s hard to measure the light it produces and reflects D. it is much bigger than ordinary matter in size 4．According to the text dark matter _____. A. could accelerate the speed of stars
B. could lessen the mass of objects in galaxies C. makes up the entire universe and its stars D. may help us identify the origins of the universe
What's the most important thing in life?
People's answers vary greatly. For British scientist Robert Edwards, the answer is having a child. \ Edwards, the inventor of the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) technology—more commonly known as \(试管) baby\technology—passed away on April 10, 2018 at the age of 87.
\changed the lives of millions of ordinary people who now rejoice (高兴) in the gift of their own child,\said Peter Braude, a professor at King's College London. \
Edwards started his experiments as early as the 1950s, when he had just finished his PhD in genetics. At that time, much of the public viewed test-tube babies as \ Edwards and his colleague Patrick Steptoe faced opposition from churches,
governments and media, not to mention attacks from many of their fellow scientists. \Edwards once told Times. He said that he felt \ \Edwards was a fighter, and he believed in what he was doing,\said Sauer. Without support from the government, the two struggled to raise funds to carry on. And in 1968 they finally developed a method to successfully fertilize human eggs outside the body.
The first test-tube baby was born on July 25, 1978. Her name was Is Louise Brown. Despite people's safety concerns, Brown was just as healthy as other children. \had moved from vision to reality and a new era in medicine had begun,\BBC commented.
Ever since then, public opinion has evolved considerably. Couples who were unable to have babies began thronging (拥向) to Edwards' clinic. Nowadays, Reuters reports, some 4.3 million other \children exist. Edwards received a Nobel Prize in 2018 and was knighted (封为爵士) by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. Before his death, Edwards was still in touch with Louise. \is like a granddad to me,\ He is a granddad to millions, in fact. 5．What’s the article mainly about? A. The first test-tube baby. B. A new era in medicine.
C. The inventor of IVF technology. D. The changes IVF technology has brought. 6．The writer mentioned Peter Braude to . A. show how difficult it was for Edwards to do his work B. describe what kind of person Edwards was C. explain why he is loved by all children D. comment on his achievement
7．The underlined word \ A. attack B. support C. test D. influence
8．What is the correct order of events in Edwards' life? a. He received a Nobel Prize. b. He struggled to raise funds. c. The first test-tube baby was born. d. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
e. He succeeded in fertilizing human eggs outside body. f. He started his experiments on IVF technology. A. f-e-b-c-a- d B. f-b-e-c-d-a C. f-b-e-c-a-d D. f-e-d-a-c-b
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different times has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 9．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.
A. started sleep more easily B. were less active C. were more anxious D. woke up later
10．Which of the following is TRUE of melatonin according to the text? A. It’s used in sleeping drugs B. It exists in milk in great amount C. It can make people more energetic D. It’s been tested on mice for ten years 11．What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Milk Drinking and Health B. Fat, Sugar and Health C. An Experiment on Mice D. Night Milk and Sleep
12．How does the author support the theme of the text? A. By giving examples.
B. By providing research results. C. By explaining statistical data. D. By stating arguments
Is it possible that the sinking of the Titanic was caused by a ghost? A lot of the story below is true? but did it really happen quite like this?
Our story begins not in the icy cold waters of the North Atlantic, but rather thousands of miles away in Egypt. It is here, perhaps, that we can find the start of the mystery of the Titanic, in the year 1910, in the great city of Cairo. One day, a famous professor of Egyptian history called Douglas Murray was staying in Cairo, when he was contacted by an American adventurer.
The American had something unusual to offer Murray, something that was certain to thrill him: a beautiful ancient Egyptian mummy case, containing the mummy of an Egyptian queen. It was over 3000 years old, but in beautiful condition ------ gold, with bright paintings on it. Murray was delighted with both the object and the asking-price. He gave the man a cheque immediately.
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