贸易与经济增长收敛研究综述(3)

带来了经济增长的减缓。经济增长收敛也与要素重置紧密联系的。一般来说，落后的国家或地区

农业部门在整个经济中占很大的比例，与第二和第三产业相比，农业部门中劳动力的生产率很低，

当劳动力从农业部门转移到非农业部门时整个社会平均生产率就会提高，进而促进了经济增长的 收敛。从生产要素地区间配置来看，资本由于收益递减从而流向资本稀缺但资本收益高的落后地 区，而劳动则流向劳动生产率较高的先进地区。要素的流动最终会使地区间的生产率出现收敛，

从而促使经济增长趋于收敛。技术既可以通过贸易渠道实现扩散，也可以通过投资、技术引进等

渠道实现扩散。如何区分出贸易以及上述其他因素各自对经济增长收敛的作用也是未来一个研究

的重要方向。

更为重要的是，我们还要进一步确定贸易与收敛之间的因果关系。究竟是收敛导致了贸易的 增长，还是贸易导致了收敛，还是由于其他因素的存在使他们之间发生了相关关系。至少到目前 为止，我们还不能作出定论。Mathew J.Slaughter（1995）进一步分析了Dan Ben David（1993）的

数据，结论表明至少部分收入收敛是要素价格均等化理论（FPE）所不能解释的，而且有迹象表

明，经济增长收敛导致了贸易增加。

众所周知，中国地区间存在着广泛、繁荣的区际贸易。与国际贸易相比，区际贸易更容易实 现，因为存在着较少的制度、文化、政策、贸易壁垒等障碍。在这种情况下，我们不禁要问，上

述贸易—经济增长收敛机制在中国地区间是否较好地发挥了作用呢？这是值得我们进一步研究的 课题。

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