跨境电商外文文献综述
适配器发送的消息。这将把“国家格式”中的每一个信息的内容转为一个可以读取的区域单窗口,它对交易进行监督。认证机构检查的形式号是唯一的,使得它更容易跟踪每笔交易。基于实施的角度来看,局部模型是不依赖于特定的软件或硬件基础设施。通过使用XML技术在供应链的每一方都需要改变数据元素的格式为一个可读的格式。这种规范的跨境模式,除了使用网络服务的通信解决方案,使建议的模型更轻便,独立于不同的平台。实现本身可以通过不同的层次分析。用户层是最接近用户界面层,称为基于Web的界面和数据库层的数据交换是根据所有的点,这是之前提到的关于B2B电子商务系统建立跨境数据交换。
5.样品过程分析
在这一节中,所建议的模型的验证是根据四个阶段的情况。在这种情况下,双方之间的贸易点的边界,和各模型组件的作用进行了讨论。这四个阶段是:, 1阶段:出口商签署系统和应用程序重新绳。 2阶段:出口国与出口国之间的互动关系。
3阶段:出口国与进口国的单一窗口之间的相互作用。 4阶段:进口和进口单窗口之间的相互作用。
现在,上述阶段通过下列各节讨论。在每一小节中,根据信息和内容层的架构,讨论了跨边界模型中的每个组件的功能。
5.1第1阶段:出口商登录系统和应用程序记录
在这个阶段中,出口商和认证中心是该方案的主要参与者。重要的目标是在国家单一窗口系统中记录一个成功的标志。因此,出口商可以通过下一步的未来阶段。模型的组件之间的详细的相互作用,包括发送应用程序的形式签署和接收的钙批准。出口商发送他重新寻求开始一个交易到国家的单窗口。为了记录这个信号在处理过程中,国家的单窗口要求的认证组件,并在接收该交易的批准消息是可以接受的,作为一个有效的出口过程。应该考虑的是,在每一个步骤中,演员之间的沟通,如出口,进口商和认证的单窗口组件所做的。在这一阶段之后,出口贸易的电子记录将被保存并在下一个阶段使用,这是出口国和出口国之间的相互作用国家单一窗口。
5.2阶段:出口国与出口国家
跨境电商外文文献综述
在第二阶段的单一窗口的情况下,主要演员是出口和认证中心,但有更多的组件涉及这部分的过程。这个阶段的前提是要与国家单一窗口的连接,能够发送和接收的形式和消息。在国家和地区级的基础上,根据出口商的私人密钥,该表单的签名的有效性正在得到批准。每一个由模型发送的单信息或文档必须通过区域单窗口检查。在消息传递方案中,通过区域性的规定,将审批信息发送到区域性单窗口,并在该区域批准后将其发送回给出口商,以批准该过程。也就是说,国家的单一窗口是使链的沟通完成,而区域的窗口是在法规的监督下的。在接受地区批准后,最后一个状态的形式被改变为“批准”。这表明,过程可以在第三阶段,出口商和进口商之间的相互作用的单窗口。 5.3阶段:出口国与进口国的单一窗口之间的相互作用
第三阶段是出口国与进口国之间的互动关系,主要行为主体是进口商和海关。每一个文件或其批准,必须通过国家单打窗口和区域的单窗口发送。类似的第二个阶段,每个组件负责转发或批准的形式。作为进口商的一面正在讨论中,海关是一个主要的演员,必须批准的形式,如申报过程。
在消息层的第三个阶段中,在发送端收到的表单的批准将从海关发送到出口商的中心。由于区域性单窗口向进口商国家发送批准,国家单一窗口通过表单批准请求向海关申报。海关将这一要求作为一项审批信息,结果将被发送到相关部门。
5.4阶段:进口商和进口商单窗口
第四阶段相互作用的进口商和进口单窗口之间的相互作用进行了讨论。这一阶段的主要演员是进口商和海关。进口商和海关通过进口国的单一窗口彼此相连。
在此阶段后,进口商必须能够得到最终的批准,从海关。但很显然,海关和进口商之间的关系正在通过进口国家单一窗口申请。
在这一阶段的形式的最后批准,通过在国家和地区的单一窗口发送到出口的中心。其结果是,在供应链中的出口和进口端之间的样本交易,以及在内容和消息层中的跨边界模型的每个组件的功能进行了讨论。
当认证中心接收来自进口国海关的批准信息时,下一个阶段是进口商和进口单窗口之间的相互作用。
跨境电商外文文献综述
6.结论
文中在在伊朗的B2B电子商务一看,介绍了一种新的本地化的跨境电子商务模式基于单窗口的概念。该模型可以实现开展B2B交易在边界及作为一个路线图,通过建立国家单一窗口在跑。这可以是一个步骤,虽然加入伊朗区域单窗口在未来的步骤。此模型的一个关键的好处是它可以实现格式。许多贸易伙伴国家今天使用这个布局调整其纸质和电子形式,因此他们可以交换文件纸张甚至电子PDF格式。由联合国贸易促进中心发布完成指南将帮助商家和海关填写和检查形式轻松。设计了基于文件的数据模型的形式在国际格式,所以在模型的内容层的形式进行国际交易。文件是一个项目,基于UML,这样交易的角色可以被映射的数据建模容易。这个模型的形式可以用路径工具等信息,可以通过电子邮件发送[17,18]。基于XML的表单,易于采用和提供更好的服务,使其易于集成单一窗口中的信息。每一部分的本地化是基于在亚洲地区的最佳做法,使模型更符合贸易伙伴。所提出的局部模型的分层结构,使其更简单,可扩展性和灵活的模型来实现电子文件管理在伊朗的交易系统或其他国家的类似交易系统。
7.致谢
将一个成功的进程发送到国家的单一窗口。如果根据规定,该公司的认证需要在一个文件中记录下来,这条消息可以发送到存储的出口商的钙。作者要感谢研究院ICT和在2010年建立了电子商务实验室在Tarbiat Modares大学。
跨境电商外文文献综述
原文:
A Model of a Localized Cross-Border E-Commerce
By the explosive growth of B2B e-commerce transactions in international supply chains and he rapid increase of business documents in Iran?s cross-border trading, effective management of trade processes over borders is vital in B2B e-commerce systems. Structure of the localized model in this paper is based on three major layers of a B2B e-commerce infrastructure, which are messaging layer, business process layer and content layer. For each of these layers proper standards and solutions are chosen due to Iran?s e-commerce requirements. As it is needed to move smoothly towards electronic documents in Iran, UNedocs standard is suggested to support the contents of both paper and electronic documents. The verification of the suggested model is done by presenting a four phase scenario through case study method. The localized model in this paper tries to make a strategic view of business documents exchange in trade processes, and getting closer to the key target of regional single windows establishment in global trade e-supply chains.
Keywords: E-Commerce; Cross-Border Trade; Electronic Document Management; International Supply Chain 1. Introduction
Electronic commerce is about buying and selling products or services over electronic systems like internet and other networks. The term B2B (Business-to-Business) describes commerce transactions between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer. In this paper the research focus is on the communication between traders in two different countries. Today one of the main targets of the world trade organization is to establish regional single windows which can increase the trade facilitation in different parts of world. Establishing a regional single window needs cross border gateways that can exchange trade documents efficiently. So first, the key necessity of managing the simplified documents over
跨境电商外文文献综述
borders is to move toward national single windows. After that, the regional single windows can authorize the communication between countries. E-commerce models are studied based on the three major logical layers. These three layers are messaging layer, business process layer and content layer [1,2]. Generally the localized model in this paper is a way to automate the process of exchanging reading documents. This can be a step through establishing the National single window of Iran and then with the more interoperability between the East Asian and Middle Eastern countries a regional single window can be improved in the future.
In this paper the second section is discussed basic concepts and standards required to introduce the cross-border B2B model in international supply chains.The third section is assigned to introduce the scope of the model and its components functionality in a big picture schema. The forth section discusses the model localization over B2B transaction layers, and finally the paper in concluded. 2. Background
In this section, besides, having a look at B2B e-commerce in Iran, the background concepts such as standards and reference models which are being used in localization of the B2B e-commerce cross border model are disussed. 2.1 B2B E-Commerce in Iran
Today the performance of the trade processes in Iran is a key trade success point. Iran has long borders with many of the countries in the region and its import and export processes can be done over road, rail, sea and air ways. So the central and strategic role of this country makes it a key trade point of goods transit in the Asia and Middle East region. Today, almost all of trade processes in Iran customs are done through paper forms, and the electronic services given by the ministry of commerce are restricted to the merchants who trade inside the country. The introduced model tries to simplify the process of exchanging electronic documents in the cross-border e-supply chains of Iran trading. Here some of the systems which give the electronic services by the ministry of commerce in Iran are mentioned: Importation Order Management System. Trade Statistics System. Iran Code.Made In Iran. These are the main electronic systems which are using today to facilitate trade processes in Iran. The systems are mentioned here as independent trade facilitators which can have interaction with the suggested model in this paper in the future. Joining Iran to the world trade organization regarding the standardization of data elements and trade
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