中山大学新理5.0英语自主学习大厅第四册第一单元E套答案
B4U1-E
Part I Listening Comprehension ( 15 minutes )
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear ten statements. Numbers 1 to 6 are based on Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Each statement will be read ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and decide whether each statement is true or false.
1. A) T B) F
Script: When the Grand Army led by Napoleon attacked Russia, the Russians fought bitterly against them.
正确答案： B 2. A) T B) F
Script: The battle at Smolensk was a decisive victory for Napoleon. 正确答案： B 3. A) T B) F
Script: The Russian czar refused Napoleon’s truce offer because he knew that the severe Russian winter would defeat Napoleon’s army. 正确答案： A 4. A) T B) F
Script: Napoleon ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow only because the weather there was too cold.
正确答案： B 5. A) T B) F
Script: Hitler expected to conquer the Soviet Union in five weeks. 正确答案： B 6. A) T B) F
Script: In answer to the call of the “scorch the earth” by Stalin, the Russians burned or destroyed their farms and factories. 正确答案： A 7. A) T B) F
Script: The purpose of the Normandy Landings was only to free French people from the occupation of German army.
正确答案： B 8. A) T B) F
Script: Although the weather of 5 June was bad, General Eisenhower gave the order of the invasion of Normandy.
正确答案： B 9. A) T B) F
Script: At the beginning of the assault, the German army were taken completely by surprise only because of the bad weather.
正确答案： B 10. A) T B) F
Script: The Allied forces led by General Eisenhower succeeded in the Normandy Landings after overcoming many difficulties caused by bad weather. 正确答案： A
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet (11)_________________ on 30 November 1939 and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace (12)_________________ . The League of Nations deemed the attack (13)_________________ and expelled the Soviet Union from the League on 14 December 1939. The Soviet forces had three times as many soldiers as the Finns, 30 times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks. The Red Army, however, had been (14)_________________ by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge of 1937, reducing the army’s (15)_________________ and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of the fighting. With more than 30,000 of its army officers (16)_________________ or imprisoned, including most of those of
the highest ranks, the Red Army in 1939 had many (17)_________________ senior officers. Because of these factors, and (18)_________________ and morale in the Finnish forces, Finland was able to resist the Soviet invasion for far longer than the Soviets expected.
Hostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded 11% of its pre-war territory and 30% of its economic assets to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses on the front were heavy, and the country’s (19)_________________ . The Soviet forces did not accomplish their objective of the total conquest of Finland, but did (20)_________________ along Lake Ladoga to provide a buffer for Leningrad. The Finns, however, retained their sovereignty and enhanced their international reputation.
Script: The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet offensive on 30 November 1939 and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace Treaty. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from the League on 14 December 1939.
The Soviet forces had three times as many soldiers as the Finns, 30 times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks. The Red Army, however, had been crippled by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge of 1937, reducing the army’s morale and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of the fighting. With more than 30,000 of its army officers executed or imprisoned, including most of those of the highest ranks, the Red Army in 1939 had many inexperienced senior officers. Because of these factors, and high commitment and morale in the Finnish forces, Finland was able to resist the Soviet invasion for far longer than the Soviets expected.
Hostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded 11% of its pre-war territory and 30% of its economic assets to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses on the front were heavy, and the country’s international reputation suffered. The Soviet forces did not accomplish their objective of the total conquest of Finland, but did gain sufficient territory along Lake Ladoga to provide a buffer for Leningrad. The Finns, however, retained their sovereignty and enhanced their international reputation.
正确答案： offensive 正确答案： Treaty 正确答案： illegal 正确答案： crippled 正确答案： morale 正确答案： executed
正确答案： inexperienced 正确答案： high commitment
正确答案： international reputation suffered 正确答案： gain sufficient territory
Part II Reading Comprehension ( 25 minutes )
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to 21 from Moscow.
The French retreat turned into a 22 . From fields and forests, the Russians launched 23 attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter’s first snow came. 24 horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became 25 in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers 26 , leaving the dead along every mile.
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly 27 the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a 28 of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but 29 of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors 30 toward Vilna.
A) equipment B) Exhausted C) Tiring D) dragged on E) retreat F) hit-and-run G) nightmare H) trapped I) flee J) at the cost K) strength L) limped M) stroke N) stuck O) escaped
21. ______________________ 正确答案： E
22. ______________________ 正确答案： G
23. ______________________ 正确答案： F
24. ______________________ 正确答案： B
25. ______________________ 正确答案： N
26. ______________________ 正确答案： D
27. ______________________ 正确答案： H
28. ______________________ 正确答案： M
29. ______________________ 正确答案： J
30. ______________________ 正确答案： L
Section B
Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
We are all inclined to believe that our generation is more civilized than the generation that preceded ours. From time to time, there is even some substantial evidence that we hold in higher regard such civilized attributes as compassion, pity, remorse (懊悔), intelligence and a respect for the customs of people different from ourselves. Why war then?
Some pessimistic historians think the whole society of man runs in cycles and that one of the phases is war. The optimists, on the other hand, think war is not like an eclipse (日食) or a flood or a spell of bad weather. They believe that it is more like a disease for which a cure could be found if the causes were known.
Because war is the ultimate drama of life and death stories and pictures of it are more interesting than those about peace. This is so true that all of us, and perhaps those of us in television more than most, are often caught up in the action of war to the exclusion of the ideas of it.
If it is true, as we would like to think it is, that our age is more civilized than ages past, we must all agree that it’s very strange that in the twentieth century, our century, we have killed more than 70 million of our fellowmen on purpose, at war. It is very strange that since 1900 more men have killed more other men than in any other seventy years in history.
Probably the reason we are able to do both, that is, believe on the one hand that we are more civilized and on the other hand wage war to kill ― is that killing is not so personal an affair as it once was. The enemy is invisible. One man doesn’t look another in the eye and run him through with a sword. The enemy dead or alive is largely unseen. He is killed by remote control: a loud noise, a distant puff of smoke and then silence. The pictures of the victim’s wife and children, which he carries in his breast pocket, are destroyed with him. He is not heard to cry out. The question of compassion or pity or remorse does not enter into it. The enemy is not a man; he is a statistic. It is true, too, that more people are being killed at war now than previously because we’re better at doing it than we used to be. One man with one modern weapon can kill thousands.
31.
In modern wars more people get killed because _____. A) people are more cruel
B) people don’t care others’ lives C) people have more advanced weapons D) people are more civilized 正确答案： C
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