2018年中考英语【短文填空】专项训练及解析

2018年中考英语【短文填空】专项训练及解析

2018年中考英语【短文填空】专项训练及解析

责任担当类

Cl oz e 1

argue, they, honest, much, talk, sing, opinion, help, experience,

Many teenagers don’t get along well with their parents and they don’t know what to do. If you face such a problem, what I’m saying now might be 1. to you.

Have you ever thought of talking to your parents to find out why you don’t get along well with each other? When I was a teenager, I didn’t get on well with my parents, either. We sometimes 2. with each other. I am sorry that I had such an 3. . Now I’m a mother of four girls. Of course we have different 4. , but I encourage them to communicate with me openly and 5. . In this way I make sure that they trust me and come to me for anything. As a result, we get along very well.

Arguing with your parents will make 6. angry and you won’t feel good. Also, remember that the 7. important thing is to solve problems. When you are 8. to your parents, try your best to be calm. If you cannot 9. your feelings, you can go to a doctor or your teacher who could give you advice on your problem.

Remember that your parents love you. Sometimes they do something that you find hard to understand. For example, you may want to be a

10. in the future, but your parents want you to do something else. If so, try to think in their shoes.

Life is too short and family is important! Try your best to get along well with your parents.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。描述了青少年与父母之间很难友好相处。作者在做了妈妈之后，鼓励孩子大胆地和父母交流，并提醒青少年要保持冷静，控制好自己的情绪，珍爱生活和家人，和父母和睦相处。 argue v. 争吵；争论→argues（动词单三形式）→argued(过去式/过去分【词汇分析】 词)→arguing(现在分词) they pron.他/她/它们→them(宾格)→their(形容词性物主代词)→theirs(名词性物主 代词)→themselves(反身代词) honest adj.诚实的→honestly(副词)诚实地 much adj.大量的→more(比较级)→most(最高级) talk v.谈论→talks(动词单三形式)→talked(过去式/过去分词)→talking(现在分词) sing v.唱；唱歌→sings（动词单三形式）→sang（过去式）→sung（过去分词） →singer(名词)歌手 opinion n.观点→opinions(复数) help v.& n. 帮助→helps(动词单三形式)→helped(过去式/过去分词)→helping(现在 分词)→helpful(形容词)有帮助的 experience n. 经历→experiences(复数) v. 经历→experiences（动词单三形式）→experienced(过去式/过去分 词)→experiencing(现在分词) control v.& n. 控制→controls（动词单三形式）→controlled(过去式/过去分 词)→controlling(现在分词) 1. helpful【解析】句意：……我现在要讲的可能对你 。分析句子结构可知，此处要填形容词，结合词汇分析可知此处为对你有帮助。故填helpful。

2. argued【解析】句意：我们有时也会彼此 。根据上一句可知此处作者讲她小时候也会和父

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2018年中考英语【短文填空】专项训练及解析

母争吵，由于是在讲述小时候的事，应用一般过去时，故填argued。

3. experience【解析】句意：我很抱歉我有这样的 。根据词汇分析及句意可知作者对于她有这样的经历而抱歉。故填experience。

4. opinions【解析】句意：当然，我们会有不同的 ……结合文意及词汇分析可知，作者与孩子会有不同的观点。结合常识可知父母与孩子之间会有很多不同的观点。故填opinions。

5. honestly【解析】句意：……我鼓励孩子开放地、 和我交流。根据句意及词汇分析可知作者希望孩子们开放地、诚实地和自己交流。修饰动词用副词，故填honestly。

6. them【解析】句意：和父母争吵会使 生气，你自己也不好受。结合句意，此处缺少代词指代父母，故填they的宾格形式them。

7. most【解析】句意： 重要的事是解决问题。根据句意及空前的the可知此处为最高级，表示“最重要的事”。important的最高级表达为前加most。故填most。

8. talking【解析】句意：当你和你的父母 时，尽量保持冷静。根据句意可知此处为当和父母说话时，用现在进行时。故填talking。

9. control【解析】句意：如果你不能 你的情绪……。上文提及设法冷静，控制自己的情绪，且情态动词后接动词原形。故填control。

10. singer【解析】句意：比如，你可能会想成为一名 ……结合句意及词汇分析可知此处表示成为一名歌手。根据前面的冠词a可知应用名词单数，故填singer。

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beach, different, pick, throw, possible, die, wonder, wash, I, near

As my friend walked along, he began to see another man over there. As he went 1. , he noticed that the local man kept 2. things up and throwing them into the water.

As 3. friend approached(靠近)even closer, he noticed that the man was picking up starfish(海星) that had been 4. up on the beach, and one at a time, he was throwing them back into the water.

My friend was puzzled. He approached the man and said, “Good evening, friend. I am 5. what you are doing.”

“I’m throwing these starfish back into the ocean. You see, it’s low tide(潮汐) right now and all of these starfish have been washed up onto the beach. If I don’t throw them back into the sea, they’ll 6. here.”

“I understand,” my friend replied, “but there must be thousands of starfish on this beach. You can’t 7. get all of them. There are simply too many. And don’t you realize this is probably happening on hundreds of 8. all up and down this coast. Can’t you see that you can’t possibly make a 9. ?”

The local man smiled, bent down and picked up another starfish, and as he 10. it back into the sea, he replied, “Made a difference to this one!” 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个老人把潮汐带上岸的海星一只一只捡起来扔回海里的故事。主要是告诉我们：勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。即使我们的力量有限，我们依然要尽自己能力多做好事，努力让世界变得更加美好。 【词汇分析】

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2018年中考英语【短文填空】专项训练及解析

beach n. 海滩，海滨→beaches(复数)

different adj.不同的；各式各样的→differently（副词）→difference（名词） pick v.挑选，挑拣; 挖，采，摘→picks(动词单三形式)→picked(过去式/过去分 词)→picking(现在分词/动名词) throw v.扔→throws(动词单三形式)→threw(过去式)→thrown(过去分词)→throwing(现在 分词/动名词) possible adj. 可能的→possibly(副词)→impossible（反义词） die v. 死→dies（动词单三形式）→died（过去式/过去分词）→dying（现在分词/动名词） →dead（形容词）→death（名词） wonder v.惊奇; 对……感到好奇;想弄明白→wonders(动词单三形式)→wondered(过去式/ 过去分词）→wondering(现在分词/动名词) n.奇迹→wonders(复数） wash v. 洗；冲刷→washes(动词单三形式)→washed(过去式/过去分词）→washing(现在分 词/动名词) I pron. 我→me（宾格）→my（形容词性物主代词）→mine（名词性物主代词）→myself(反 身代词) near adj. & adv. 附近的；在附近，在近处 →nearly（副词）→nearer(比较级)→nearest(最 高级)

1. nearer【解析】句意：当他走得 时，他注意到这个本地人。由语境可知，走得更近才注意到一个当地人所做的事。需要用比较级nearer，故填nearer。 2. picking【解析】句意：……他注意到当地人一直在捡起东西扔回海里。由语意可知需要用pick，pick up是一个词组，意为“捡起”。由后面并列连词and后的throwing可知，与其形式要一致，故填picking。 3. my【解析】句意：当 朋友靠得更近，才注意到是拾起海星。分析句子成分可知此处缺少修饰词。根据句意及备选词汇可知，用I的形容词性物主代词，故填my。

4. washed【解析】句意：捡起被冲到岸上的海星，然后一次一只，扔回到海里。wash up有“将……冲上岸”的意思，需填动词wash。海星是被扔回到海里，需要用被动语态，这是过去完成时的被动语态，此处需用过去分词washed，故填washed。

5. wondering【解析】句意：我想知道你在做什么。作者朋友看到当地人把海星一次扔一个回去，也就是上文中的“...and one at a time, he was throwing them back into the water.”可知，他朋友对他这种行为感到奇怪（好奇），所以他才走近问清楚。前面有am，用动词现在分词形式构成现在进行时，故填wondering。 6. die【解析】句意：假如我不把它们扔回海里，它们将会 。由“all of these starfish have been washed up onto the beach”，海星被冲到海滩上，没有水，所以就会死掉。助动词will后用动词原形，故填die。 7. possibly【解析】句意：你不 把它们全都抛回海里。由前句“...but there must be thousands of starfish on this beach.”可知沙滩海星很多，所以不可能全部扔回去海里。此空修饰动词需用副词。表“可能”的意思，需用possible的副词形式，故填possibly。 8. beaches【解析】句意：难道你没意识到这样的事情很可能在沿岸成百上千的 上都会上演吗？这条海岸线上的海滩很多，数量多，此空要填一个复数，根据意思需用beach的复数形式，故填beaches。 9. difference【解析】句意：难道你不明白，你这样做可能并没有改变什么吗？其前有一个冠词a，所以需要用一个名词，make a difference“有影响”，故填difference。

10. threw【解析】句意：当地人笑了，他弯腰捡起又一只海星，一边把海星 回海里，一边回

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2018年中考英语【短文填空】专项训练及解析

答，“那就努力改变这一只海星的命运吧！”根据第二段最后一句“... he was throwing them back into the water.”可知此处指把海星扔回海里；由picked up可知此处为一般过去时。故填threw。

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to pay, the shop owner I was help, early, family, warm, they, begin, look, real, do, husbandstanding in line behind a woman in her sixties. When it was her turn greeted her and asked how she was 1. . The woman 2. down, shook her head and said, “Not so good. My husband just lost his job. I don’t know how I can get through the holidays.”

Then she gave the shop owner the food stamps(食品券) for poor 3. . My heart is hurt deeply. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her food, or ask for her 4. resume(简历)？

As I walked towards my car, I met the woman again. I remembered something in my wallet. It wasn’t

any money or an offer of a job, but maybe it would 5. . “Excuse me,” I said. “I heard what you said to the shop owner. It sounds like you’re going through a 6. hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.” I handed her the small card from my wallet.

When the woman read the two words on the card, she 7. to cry. Through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.”

To tell the truth, her reply was a little surprising. Having never done anything like this before, I didn’t know what could happen. All I could say was, “Would it be OK to give you a hug?”

After that, I walked into my car and began to cry, too. The words on the card. “You Matter.” A few weeks 8. , a friend gave me a similar card as encouragement for my work. When I read it, I really felt 9. . So I ordered my own box of You Matter cards and started sharing 10. . I hope more and more people can feel warm because of these cards.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在商店结账时，碰到了一位妇女，她的丈夫失业了，她靠政府救济生活。作者想帮助她。因为之前有一位朋友给过作者一张卡片作为对工作的鼓励，他也用同样的方式来帮助她给了她一张卡片，卡片上写着“你是最重要的”。 【词汇分析】 help 帮助→helps(动词单三形式)→helped（过去式/过去分词)→helping(动名词/现在分词)

early adv.早→earlier(比较级)→earliest(最高的)

family n.家→families(复数)

warm adj.温暖的→warmly（副词）→warmth（名词）

they pron. 他/她/它们→them(宾格)→their(形容词性物主代词)→theirs(名词性物主代

词)→themselves(反身代词)

begin v.开始→begins(动词单三形式)→began（过去式）→begun(过去分词)→beginning(动名

词/现在分词)

look v.看→looks(动词单三形式)→looked（过去式/过去分词)→looking(动名词/现在分词) 1. doing【解

n. 样子，面容 析】句意：

real adj. 真的→really(副词)真正的 轮到她结账

do v. 做→does（动词单三形式）→did(过去式)→done(过去分词)→doing（动名词/现在分词） 的时候，店

husband n.丈夫→husband’s(名词所有格) 主向她打招

呼，且问她怎样。根据句意及备选词汇可知此处表示“怎么样”，与前面的was构成过去进行时。故填

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2018年中考英语【短文填空】专项训练及解析

doing。

2. looked【解析】句意：这位妇女，一边摇头一边说：“不太好，我的丈夫刚刚失去了工作，我不知道如何度过假期。look down,“低下头”。由后半句的shook和said可知文章为过去时态，故填looked。 3. families【解析】句意：接着她给店家贫困 有的食品券。poor family,“贫困家庭”。政府救济不可能只救济一户贫困家庭，此空应填复数形式，故填families。

4. husband’s【解析】句意：或者是向她要 一份简历？由上文可知，妇女的丈夫失去了工作，所以我可以向她要一份她丈夫的简历。此空需填名词所有格，故填husband’s。 5. help【解析】句意：虽然它不是钱或者是一份工作，但是或许它会

。根据句意及备选词可知此处指有帮助，选词help；分析句子结构可知此处缺谓语，情态动词would后跟动词原形。故填help。

6. really【解析】句意：听起来你现在正在经历一段 困难的时光。根据语境及备选词可知此处指真的困难的时光，选词real；修饰形容词用副词。故填really。

7. began【解析】句意：当这个妇女 读卡片上的两个字的时候，她哭了。begin开始，符合语境。文章为过去时态，故填began。

8. earlier【解析】句意：几个星期 ，我的朋友给了我一张类似的卡片来鼓励我的工作。根据上下文，作者这句话是在表述这个卡片的来历，所以应该是几个星期以前选early。这篇文章整体为过去时，过去的几个星期以前，用比较级。故填earlier。

9. warm【解析】句意：当我读了卡片上的文字后，我真的感到 。根据上下文可知，来自朋友的鼓励，让我觉得很温暖。感官动词后接形容词作表语，故填warm。

10. them【解析】句意：所以我整理了盒子里的这种卡片，并且开始分享 。作者是要分享这些卡片，可以用they指代，动词后缺宾语代词，故填them。

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he, clear, advertise, care, give, mistake, choose, can, push, polite

A man once 1. for a person to work in his office. And nearly fifty people applied for the place. From all the applicants(应聘者), in a short time, he chose a boy and sent the others away.

“I would like to know,” said a friend, “how you came to 2. that boy. He had not a single recommendation(推荐信) with him.”

“You made 3. ,” said the man. “He had many.”“He cleaned his shoes before he came in, and closed the door after him, showing that he was tidy and orderly.”

“He 4. his seat at once to an old man, showing that he was kind.”

“He took off his cap when he came in, and answered my questions 5. , showing that he was well-educated.”

“He lifted up the book which I had purposely laid on the floor, and put it on the table, while all the others stepped over it, or pushed it aside, showing that he was 6. . ”

“And he waited quietly for his turn, instead of 7. the others aside, showing that he had good manners. ”

“When I talked to 8. , I noticed that his clothes were clean, instead of being tipped with pen.” “Don’t you call these things letters of recommendation? I get what I 9. be told about the boy by using my eyes for ten minutes. It is 10. than all the well-prepared letters he can bring me.”

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一名男子招聘一名办公职员，来了近50名应聘者，这名男子却选择了一位没有推荐信的男生。男子的一位朋友感到不解，这名男子给出了自己的理由。文章告

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2018年中考英语【短文填空】专项训练及解析

诉我们：一举一动都会影响我们的形象。 【词汇分析】 he pron. 他→him(宾格)→his(形容词性/名词性物主代词)→himself(反身代词)

clear adj. 清楚的→clearly(副词)清楚地→clearer(比较级)→clearest(最高级)

advertise v. 登广告→advertises（动词单三形式）→advertised(过去式/过去分

词)→advertising(现在分词)→advertisement(名词)广告

care v. 照顾；关心→cares(动词单三形式)→cared(过去式/过去分词)→caring(现在分

词)→careful(形容词)→carefully(副词)

n. 照料，忧虑

give v. 给→gives（动词单三形式）→gave(过去式)→given(过去分词)→giving(现在分词)

mistake n. 错误；误会→mistakes(复数)

v. 弄错，误解→mistakes（动词单三形式）→mistook(过去式)→mistaken(过去分

词)→mistaking(现在分词)

choose v. 选择→chooses(动词单三形式)→chose(过去式)→chosen(过去分

词)→choosing(现在分词)→choice（名词）

can modal v. 能；可以→could（过去式）

push v. 推，推动→pushes(动词单三形式)→pushed(过去式/过去分词)→pushing(现在分

词)

polite adj. 有礼貌的→politely(副词) 有礼貌地

1. advertised【解析】句意：曾经有一个人通过 找一个人来他的办公室工作。分析句意及结合词汇分析可知此人通过登广告招聘，由于事情发生在过去，故填advertised。

2. choose【解析】句意：一个朋友说：我想知道你为什么 那个男孩。分析句意及常识可知，别人想知道他为什么选择这位男孩。to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。故填choose。

3. mistakes【解析】句意：你犯了 。结合上下文可知此处为反驳朋友的观点，根据词汇分析可知为犯了错误。make mistakes 犯错误，为固定搭配。故填mistakes。

4. gave【解析】句意：他向一位老者 他的座椅，表明他很有爱心。分析句意可知此处表示这个人给老人让座。动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填gave。

5. politely【解析】句意：当他进来时摘下帽子并 回答我的问题，表明他是有教养的。修饰动词用副词。结合词汇分析可知为“有礼貌地”回答问题，故填politely。

6. careful【解析】句意：……所有其他人迈过了它或者把它推到一边，表明他 。根据前文语境可知年轻人很细心。系动词后用形容词，故填careful。

7. pushing【解析】句意：在等候面试时，他也很安静，没有把别人

，这显示了他的好的习惯。根据语境及备选词可知此处指把别人推开，选词push；分析句子结构可知介词of后应用动名词形式。故填pushing。

8. him【解析】句意：当我和 说话时，我留意到他的衣服是干净的而不是滴上了钢笔水。分析句意可知当作者和这个人说话时，此处应该用宾格形式，故填him。

9. can【解析】句意：我用了十分钟得到了从这个男生的身上得到了 被告知的信息。分析句意可知作者通过自己的观察得到了自己想从这个男生身上看到的。can be told能被告诉。故填can。 10. clearer【解析】句意：这比任何从准备好了的推荐信上看到的更 。结合句意及词汇分析可知此处表达比在推荐信上看到的更清楚。根据空后的than可知用比较级。故填clearer。

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