山东省成人高等教育学士学位英语考试复习指导

答案是B）。答句是一个省略句，省略了谓语部分剩下的是主语部分所以应该用动名词短语作主语

③ “ I did it again, I slept until noon.”

“________ through the alarm seems to be your biggest problem.” A) A sleep B) To sleep C) To be a sleep D) Sleeping 答案是D）。答句不是特指某一次具体的动作，而是指概括性的一般规律，所以用动名词。 2）不定式和分词作定语 (1) 不定式和分词作定语

不定式作定语时应特别注意两点：A）不定式和它的先行词常常有动宾关系。因此，如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它的后面应带上相关的介词；B）我们常用不定式的主动式代替被动式来强调主语施行该不定式动作的主导作用。

① I’ve got a loaf of bread; now I’m looking for a knife ________. A) to be cut it with B) to cut with it C) to cut it with D) to be cut 答案是C）。尽管题句中的不定式和它的先行词是被动关系，但还是应选用主动式不定式，因为题句含有句子主语施行不定式动作的意味，并且有必需的介词with。

② The pressure ________ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A) to compete B) competing C) to be competed D) having competed 答案是A）。本题属动词不定式作定语，不定式臵于被修饰名词后结构，排除B、D两项，A与C项的差别在于语态，因compete是不及物动词，不能构成被动形式，故A正确。 （2）分词作定语

现在分分作定语表示主动或动作正在进行。作定语时，单个现在分词通常入在被修饰的名词之前，短语则放在之后。过去分词作定语表示被动式的动作已完成。 过去分词多由及物动词变来。不及物动词的过去分词形式只表示动作的完成，没出息被动的意义。作定语时，单个过去分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，短语则放在之后。

① Gazelles are _____ animals.

A) eating plants B) to eat plants C) plants they eat D) plant-eating 答案是D）。D）是由现在分词的逻辑宾语+现在分词构成的合成词，作定语。这类合成词还有许多，如：oil-producing countries, earth-shaking changes等。

② “When are you going to move to the country?” “Tomorrow is our _________”.

A) long waiting day B) long awaiting day

C) long awaited day D) day we waited for long 答案是C）。wait是不及物动词，await中是及物动词。wait后接介词for然后可以接宾语，但D）中for是短语for long的一部分，所以D）不正确。

3）不定式和分词作宾补 (1) 不定式作宾补

不定式作宾补有两种结构。其结构主要根据句子中的谓语动词来确定。 A） 动词+名词/代词+不定式。

常见的动词有：ask, advise, cause, command, enable, encourage, expect, force, instruct, invite, persuade, remind, teach, tell, urge, want, warn等，有些动词要求在动词宾语后接不带to的动词不定式，如：see, hear, smell, make, let, have, help等。但当上述动词采用被动语态时，宾语后的动词须用带to的动词不定式（let除外）。

B） 动词+ it/形容词/名词+不定式。常见的动词有feel, think, consider, make等。 ① My music teacher ________ my scales several times a day.

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A) urged that I played B) encourage me to play C) said to me play D) had me play 答案是D）。have sb. do sth. 等于make sb. do sth. “让某人干某事”，有命令的口气。 ② They are going to have the serviceman _________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed 答案是A）。本题为have sb. do sth. 结构。

(2) 分词作宾语补足语

现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动或动作正在进行；过去分词作宾补则表示被动或动作已完成。有些动词的宾补既可用不带to的动词不定式又可用现在分词。前者表示动作已完成，后者表示动作正在进行。

① The instructor(指导者,教员) had us _______ a report our investigation (调查)of the case. A) writing B) to writing C) to write D) written 答案是A）。have sb. doing sth.也表示让某人干某事，表示动作正在进行或延续。 ② He said he saw Professor Davis ________ in the laboratory the night before. A) works B) to work C) working D) worked 答案是C）。表示当他看见教授时，教授正在工作。

③ Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth ________. A) filling B) to fill C) filled D) fill 答案是C）。“have(get) +宾语+过去分词”一般表示“叫别人干某事”。如：to have one’s hair cut理发。

④ When I came to his room, I found my boy _____.

A) dressed up B) dressing up C) dress up D) being dressing 答案是A）。表示动作已完成。

4）不定式和分词作状语 （1） 不定式作状语

不定式作状语时，多表示目的和结果，偶尔也可以表示原因。

① ______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree. A) To become B) Become C) One becomes D) On become

答案是A）。从句意逻辑分析，_____ a teacher in a university部分应为目的状语，只有A）To become具有此句法功能。

② I have enjoyed my visit here. I’ll be very sorry _________. A) for leaving B) leaving C) to leave D) with leaving 答案是C）。不定式要吧用在作宾语的形容词（现在分词、过去分词）后面作状语，说明原因或谓语所表示的情况。能用于这种结构中的形容词很多，如：happy, lucky, fortunate, ashamed, glad, surprised, angry, anxious, convenient. Pleasant, exciting, interesting, wrong, brave, thoughtful等。

（2） 分词作状语

分词作状语时，多表示原因、时间、伴随、条件等。

① ________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.

A) When compared B) Compare C) While comparing D) Comparing 答案是A）。这里compare是及物动词， 其动作的对象是句子的主语the highest mountain，因此须用表示被动意思的过去分词compared，而不能用现在分词comparing，所以A）是正确答案。本题中，When后面没有主语。若要加上主语，该句应为：When it is compared with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. (it=the highest mountain)

② Having been served lunch, _________.

1. the problem was discussed by the members of the committee

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2. the committee members discussed the problem

3. it was discussed by the committee members the problem

4. a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee 答案是B）。该句分词短语作状语，它的逻辑主语是the committee members, 其他三个答案都不能作它的逻辑主语。

③ The businessmen strolled through the park, _____ the plans for their new office. A) discussing B) to discuss

C) being discussed D) while they are discussing 答案是A）。是现在分词的一般式，与strolled这个动作同时发生。 ④ After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _________ to go to school. A) to be encouraged B) been encouraged C) being encouraged D) be encouraged 答案是C）。本题“with+名词+分词”构成独立结构

⑤ All things ________ the planned trip will have to be called off.

A) considered B) be considered C) considering D)having considered 答案是A）。All things + considered构成独立结构，作原因状语。

注意：在一般情况下，句子的主语就是分词或分词短语的逻辑主语。如果主语不同，那么分词前就必须有自己的主语，其形式为：名词/代词+分词，称为“独立结构”或“分词独立主格结构”。

5）不定式和动名词作宾语 (1) 不定式作宾语

在英语中，有一部分动词只能用不定式作宾语，而不能动名词。常见的有：afford, agree, ask, beg, choose, claim, decide, demand, desire, expect, fail, fear, help, hesitate, manage, offer, plan, refuse, want, wish等。

He didn’t know ________ or stay at home. A) to go B) if that he should to C) if to go D) whether to go 答案是D）。不定式不能直接作know的宾语，只有用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，其语法意义才算完整。

(2) 动名词作宾语

有一部分动词只能用动名词作宾语，而不能用不定式。常见的这类动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, postpone, practice, suggest, spend, quit, recall, resist等。常见的后接动名词作宾语的动词短语有：approve of, count on, depend on, give up, insist on, keep on, succeed in, think about, put off, persist in, rely on, can’t help, be used to, better off, feel like, leave off, look forward to, object to, turn to, adapt to, see to, get to, respond to等。 ① I would appreciate ________ it a secret. A) your keeping B) you to keep

C) that you D) that you will keep 答案是A）。

② My children are looking forward ________ a trip to Guilin next month. A) to make B) to making C) to be making D) to have made 答案是B）。look forward to是一个固定动词短语，to是介词，故其后就接动名词。下面是大纲中所列短语，其中的to为介词：（be）contrary to（与……相反）,object(objection)to（反对）, with a view to（为……起见）, (be) opposed to（反对）, in contrast to（与……成对比）, be used to（习惯于）, be exposed to(暴露), be dedicated to（致力于）, as to（关于）, be accustomed to（习惯于）, be devoted to（献身于）, be committed to（委身于），react to（对……作出反应），with regard to（关于）,contribute to（有助于，促进）等。

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有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语，也可用动名词作宾语，但表达的意义不同。如： ①remember to do记着要去做……（未做） remember doing记着已经做了……（已做） ②like to go 喜欢做……（具体动作） like doing喜欢做……（概括） ③stop to do停下……去做…… stop doing停止做……

④forget to do忘了要做……（未做） forget doing忘了已做过……（已做） ⑤try to do设法，努力做 try doing试着去做

⑥mean to do打算，企图做…… mean doing意味着……

⑦cease to do长时间，甚至永远停做……

cease doing短时间停做……（以后还会接着做） ⑧regret to do对要做的事遗憾（未做）

regret doing对做过的事遗憾，后悔（已做）

等等。

① There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means ______ trouble.

A) making B) to make C) to have made D) having made 答案是B）。

② “How do you know was hungry?”

“He stopped ________ to his girlfriend in order to eat lunch.” 答案是B）。如果选A），则原句出现两个目的的状语，句子意义不合乎逻辑。

4． 倒装句

试题中还常常出现倒装句,鉴于此,现将英语的各种倒装现象综合归纳如下： 1）否定意义的词位于句首引起的倒装

英语中，含否定意义的词有：barely, hardly, scarcely, seldom, never, nowhere, little等。它们若位于句首则多引起倒装。如：

① Never _________ as bad as it is now in this city.

A) air pollution has been B) has been air pollution C) has air pollution been D) air has pollution been 答案是C）。

② So little ________ about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me. A) I know B) do I know C) I knew D) did I know

答案是D）。

2）否定意义的短语仅次于句首引起的倒装

下列各短语的含义均为否定，若位于句首通常引起倒装。 at no time从不，从来没有 by no means决不，决不是

in no case决不，在任何情况下也不 in no way决不，不会以任何方法 in vain徒劳

no longer不再，已不 no more不再，也不

not even then甚至连……也不

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not for a moment从不 not until直到……才 on no account决不

under no circumstances决不，在任何情况下都不

We have been told that under no circumstances _______ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

A) did we use B) may we use C) we may use D) we could use 答案是B）。

3）一些短语性连词引起的倒装

not only ? but (also)不仅……而且 not sooner ? than一……就……

bardly (scarcely)? when 一……就……

以上述短语性连词开头的句子，惯常采用倒装语序。如： ① Hardly ________ home when the telephone rang.

A) I got B) I had got C) did I get D) had I got 答案是D）。

② ________ is she in London than she rings up her old friends. A) As soon B) Only C) While D) No sooner 答案是D）。

4）状语仅次于句首引起的倒装 这种句型很常见。如：

Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ______ write correctly. A) you will B) you can C) can you D) you could 答案是C）。

5）so, nor, neither引起的倒装

在并列句中，若第二分句表达的内容与第一分句相同时，常用so, nor, neither引起的倒装式代替。肯定式用so, 否定式用nor, neither。如：

① The organization had broken no rules, but _____ had it acted responsibly. A) neither B) so C) either D) both 答案是A）

② I could not persuade him to accept it, _______ make him see the importance of it. A) if only I could not B) or I could not C) no more than I could D) nor could I 答案是D） 6）强调性倒装

诸如等副词位于句首以示强调时，也用倒装语序。如： ________ that the pilot couldn’t fly through it. A) The storm so severe was B) So severe was the storm C) So the storm was severe D) Such was the storm severe

答案是B）。

7）句子成分前提引起的倒装

为强调句子的某一成分（如表语、宾语或状语等），常将该成分提前臵于句首，造成倒装。如： Such is the case

表语such提前，造成倒装。

These we do not intend to discuss here.

These为动词discuss的宾语，为强调它而提至句首，造成倒装现象。 8）引导的让步状语从句呈现两种倒装形式

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