《学位英语》复习资料 1
第二部分词汇
第一节形近词和近义词
1、abroad adv. 到(在)国外
【搭配】from abroad 从国外回来;go abroad 到国外去 【用法】表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。 如:She often goes abroad on business.她经常到国外出差。 【辨析】abroad, aboard, broad 和board 单词意思例句
abroad adv. 在国外或海外He often goes abroad. aboard adv. 在船(或飞机,车)上
broad adj. 宽广的He has very broad shoulders.
board v. 上(船,飞机,车)The passengers are boarding the plane now. 2、accept v. 接受
【辨析】accept 和receive:accept 表示“接受”,而receive 表示“接到,收到”。 如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it.
『例』(1)He is an honest official and never B any gifts from people who sought his help.
A. received B. accepted C. expected D. took up 『解析』句意:他是一个诚实的军官,从来不接受任何向他求助的人的礼物。expect 期望;take up 开
始从事,着手处理。
(2)So far(迄今为止) I haven’t A any instructions as to(关于) what to do next. A. received B. accepted C. achieved D. recovered
『解析』句意:迄今为止,我没有收到下一步工作的指令。achieve 获得;recover 恢复。 3、accident n. 意外或偶然发生的事故
【搭配】by accident 偶然地(= by chance) 【辨析】accident, incident 和event
指意外或偶然发生的事故,尤指不幸的,损害性的事故。 accident
如:There have been fewer traffic accidents lately. 最近很少发生交通事故。 用于表示突发事件或偶发事件,政治上也可以指“事变”。(即小事件,大事变) incident
如:Were there any excitingincidents during your journey? 旅行中有什么惊喜吗? 指具有重要意义的历史事件,也可引申为重大事件,还可指“比赛项目”,其复数可指时 event 事,时局。
如:Which events have you entered for? 你参加了什么项目?
『例』C of cheating customers with false goods should no longer exist. A. Events B. Accidents C. Incidents D. Happenings 『解析』用假产品欺骗顾客的事件不应当发生。 4、accuse v. 指责,指控
【搭配】accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人某事
【辨析】accuse, charge 和sue:三个单词都有“指责,指控”的意思,但与之搭配的介词不同。
accuse sb. of sth. 如:His boss accused him of carelessness.
charge sb. with sth. 如:The policecharged the driver with reckless driving. sue sb. for sth. 如:Smithsued his neighbor for damaging his house. 『例』(1)The customer accused the cook C using canned potatoes. A. for B. with C. of D. against
『解析』句意:顾客指责厨师使用罐装土豆。 (2)He was accused C stealing from the shop. A. with B. in C. of D. at
『解析』句意:他被指控在商店盗窃。
(3)The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and B him of speeding. A. charged B. accused C. blamed D. deprived
『解析』句意:警察把他拦下,指控他超速驾驶。charge sb. with 指控某人;blame sb. for 为某事责备
某人;deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某事。
《学位英语》复习资料 2
5、acquire v. 取得,获得
【辨析】acquire, require 和inquire
acquire 取得;获得;学到(知识等)如:acquire knowledge 获得知识 inquire 打听,询问如:inquire a person’s name 问一个人的姓名 require 需要如:We require more help.我们需要更多的帮助。 『例』Mr. Smith gradually D a knowledge of the subject. A. attained B. achieved C. required D. acquired 『解析』句意:Smith 先生逐渐获得了关于这门课的知识。achieve 取得(胜利、成功等),实现(目标、目
的等);attain 达到(目的等),取得(成就等)。 6、act n. 行为,动作;v. 行为,举动 【搭配】act on 按照?行事 【辨析】act, action 和deed
动作,行为。一般强调一个具体的、简单act 的动作。常用短语:put on an act 装腔作势 如:Act, not words, is what we need. 行动,而非空话,才是我们所需要的。
行动,行为。与act 同义,但多指抽象、反复性行为。常用词语:take action 采取行动 action
如:Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过言辞。
n. 行为,事迹。一般指永久性行为及其结果,特别是好的行为和事迹。 deed 常用短语:in name, but not in deed 有名无实
如:Lei feng's deeds will live forever. 雷锋的事迹将流芳百世。 『例』(1)You should act B the advice of your doctor. A.to B. on C. at D. as
『解析』句意:你必须按照医生的建议去做。
(2)We all know that D speak louder than words. A.movements B.performances C.operations D.actions
『解析』句意:我们都知道行动胜过言辞。movement 运动;performance 表现,表演;operation 操作, 运转。
7、addition n. 加;增加;加法
【辨析】in addition 和in addition to
这两个词组都可表示“除了,此外”等意思,用来表示两个事物或动作之间的增补关系。但两者的语法功 能和用法不同。
in addition 是一介词短语,作副词用,相当于词组as well,其后不能跟名词或其他任何成分,一般位于
两个句子中间或位于句末。位于两句中时,常用一逗号与句子隔开。
如:There are many shops around the railway station. In addition, there are some newly-built hotels there.
in addition to 是一短语介词,其后接名词或代词等作其宾语,意义大体相当as well as 和besides。
如:In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language. 8、adopt v. 收养,采纳,采用 【辨析】adopt 和adapt
adopt:①收养。如:Since they have no children, they decided to adopt a little girl. ②采纳,采用。如:He adopted our suggestion.
adapt:使适应(用于短语adapt sb. to sth.)。如:I have adapted myself to the college life.
『例』As they haven’t a child of their own, they’re going to D a little girl. A. accept B. receive C. adapt D. adopt
『解析』句意:因为他们没有自己的孩子,他们打算收养一个小女孩。 9、advise v. 建议
【搭配】advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事;advise doing sth. 建议做某事 【注意】后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:advise that sb. (should) do 的形式。 【辨析】advise sb. to do sth. persuade sb. to do sth. 和try to persuade sb. to do sth. “劝说某人干某事”,其结果可能是劳而无功。 advise sb. to do sth.
如:She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn’t listen.
《学位英语》复习资料 3
她劝她的父母戒烟,但他们不听。
persuade sb. to do “说服某人干某事”,其结果是成功的。
sth. 如:Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last. 汤姆终于说服 他父亲戒烟了。
try to persuade sb. “尽力说服某人干某事”,相当于advise sb.to do sth。
to do sth. 如:I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed. 我尽力 劝他继续学习,但没有成功。 10、affect v. 影响
【辨析】affect 和effect
affect 影响(动词),如: Smoking affects health.
effect 效果,影响(名词),如:Government policy will not have any effect on us. 【短语】have effect on sth. 对?有影响,对?起作用;cause and effect 因果关系 『例』(1)The disease C his mind so that he lost his memory. A. effected B. impressed C. affected D. hurt
『解析』句意:这种病影响了他的思维,因此他失去了记忆力。
(2)Once out of the earth’s gravity, the astronaut is A by the problem of weightlessness.
A. affected B. effected C. inclined D. reflected
『解析』句意:一旦失去了地球的重力,宇航员将会受到失重的影响。incline 有?倾向;reflect 反映, 体现。
11、ago adv. 以前,?以前 【辨析】ago 和before
(1)ago 表示“从现在起的若干时间以前”,意思是“距今?以前”,需和过去时或过去进行时连用。before
泛指“从过去起的若干时间以前”,意思是“距过去某时?以前”,常和完成时连用,尤其在间接引语中。
如:I visited him three days ago, but he had gone to Shanghai a week before. (2)如果不具体表明多少时间以前,只用before 不用ago,意为“从前、以前”。before 仍以副词的形
式置于被修饰语后。
如:Have you seen this film before? 你以前看过这部电影吗? 12、alike adj. 相同的,相像的;adv. 相同地;同样地,相等地 adj. 相同的,相像的
如:My mother and I are alike in many ways. adv. 同样地,相等地
如:The twins were dressed alike.
I learned a lot from teacher and students alike. 【辨析】alike, like 和likely (1)alike 形容词,“相像的”(作表语)。如:She and her mother are alike in appearance. (2)like 介词,相像的。如:He looks like his brother.
(3)likely 形容词,可能的(常用短语be likely to do)。如:He is likely to be absent from school today. 13、alive adj. 活的
【用法】表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。
【注意】可以作状语使用,表示活活地,如:bury sb. alive 把某人活埋 【辨析】alive, live, living, lively 和lovely (1)alive 活的(表语形容词)。
如:To live is not just to be alive, but to be alive is to live. 一个人不是为了活才生,而是为了生才活。
(2)live 活的(不死的),有生命的(作定语);直播的(节目)。
如:Mother bought some live fish yesterday. 昨天妈妈买了几条活鱼。 Live programme 直播节目
(3)living 活着的(在世的,现存的),(尤指)现在的。
如:He is one of the greatest living composers in the world. 他是在世的最伟大的作曲家之一。
(4)lively 活泼的。
如:He is always a bright and lively child. 他是一个聪明活泼的孩子。
《学位英语》复习资料 4
(5)lovely adj. 可爱的,秀美的;令人愉快的,美好的。 如:You look lovely in blue. 你穿蓝衣服看起来很漂亮。 14、all adj./pron. 全部
【辨析】above all 和after all,in all,at all “首先、最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中。 above all
如:But above all tell me quickly what I have to do. 可首先快些告诉我该做什么。 after all “毕竟、终究、终归、到底”,可位于句首、句中或句末。 “总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。 in all
如:There are 25,000 people in all. 这儿共有25,000 人。 用于否定句,“丝毫;根本”。 at all
如:He doesn’t like you at all. 他根本不喜欢你。
『例』(1)I think we should let Maria go camping with her boyfriend. B , she's a big girl now.
A. Above all B. After all C. First of all D. For all
『解析』句意:我想我们应该让Maria 和他的男朋友一起去宿营。毕竟她现在已经长大了。“for all + 名
词”意为“尽管”,如:For all his wealth, he was unhappy. 尽管他富有,但他并不幸福。
(2)It isn't so much whether he works hard; The question is whether he works C . A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all
『解析』句意:问题不在于他是否努力工作,问题是他究竟现在还工作不工作。 15、almost adv. 几乎,差不多 【辨析】almost 和most,mostly
almost adv. 几乎如:It was almost dark when he reached there. 他到那 里的时候,天差不多黑了。 adj./n. 大多数的,大部分 的
如:Most students like English. 大多数学生喜欢英语。 I was in Shanghai most of the time. 我大部分时间在上 most 海。
adv. 十分,非常,很(用
来修饰副词,形容词或动词)
如:Guilin is a most beautiful city. 桂林是座非常美丽的 城市。
百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读,免费范文网,提供经典小说综合文库北京地区成人本科学位英语复习资料—词汇在线全文阅读。
相关推荐: