matlab图像处理函数汇总
1.applylut
功能: 在二进制图像中利用lookup表进行边沿操作. 语法:
A = applylut(BW,lut) 举例
lut = makelut('sum(x(:)) == 4',2); BW1 = imread('text.tif'); BW2 = applylut(BW1,lut); imshow(BW1)
figure, imshow(BW2) 相关命令: makelut
2.bestblk
功能:确定进行块操作的块大小. 语法:
siz = bestblk([m n],k)
[mb,nb] = bestblk([m n],k) 举例
siz = bestblk([640 800],72) siz = 64 50
相关命令: blkproc
3.blkproc
MATLAB高级应用——图形及影像处理 320 功能:实现图像的显式块操作. 语法:
B = blkproc(A,[m n],fun)
B = blkproc(A,[m n],fun,P1,P2,...) B = blkproc(A,[m n],[mborder nborder],fun,...)
B = blkproc(A,'indexed',...) 举例
I = imread('alumgrns.tif'); I2 = blkproc(I,[8
8],'std2(x)*ones(size(x))'); imshow(I)
figure, imshow(I2,[]); 相关命令:
colfilt, nlfilter,inline
4.brighten
功能: 增加或降低颜色映像表的亮度. 语法:
brighten(beta)
newmap = brighten(beta)
newmap = brighten(map,beta) brighten(fig,beta) 相关命令:
imadjust, rgbplot
5.bwarea
功能: 计算二进制图像对象的面积. 语法:
total = bwarea(BW) 举例
BW = imread('circles.tif'); imshow(BW);
附录 MATLAB图像处理命令 321 bwarea(BW) ans = 15799
相关命令:
bweuler, bwperim
6.bweuler.
功能: 计算二进制图像的欧拉数. 语法:
eul = bweuler(BW,n) 举例
BW = imread('circles.tif'); imshow(BW); bweuler(BW) ans = -2
相关命令:
bwmorph, bwperim
7.bwfill
功能: 填充二进制图像的背景色. 语法:
BW2 = bwfill(BW1,c,r,n) BW2 = bwfill(BW1,n)
[BW2,idx] = bwfill(...)
BW2 = bwfill(x,y,BW1,xi,yi,n)
1
[x,y,BW2,idx,xi,yi] = bwfill(...) BW2 = bwfill(BW1,'holes',n)
[BW2,idx] = bwfill(BW1,'holes',n) 举例
MATLAB高级应用——图形及影像处理 322 BW1 =[1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0]
BW2 = bwfill(BW1,3,3,8) BW2 =
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
I = imread('blood1.tif'); BW3 = ~im2bw(I);
BW4 = bwfill(BW3,'holes'); imshow(BW3)
figure, imshow(BW4) 相关命令:
bwselect, roifill
8.bwlabel
功能:标注二进制图像中已连接的部分. 语法:
附录 MATLAB图像处理命令 323 L = bwlabel(BW,n)
[L,num] = bwlabel(BW,n) 举例
BW = [1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0]
L = bwlabel(BW,4) L =
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 3 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
[r,c] = find(L==2); rc = [r c] rc = 2 5 3 5 2 6 3 6
相关命令:
bweuler, bwselect
9.bwmorph
功能:提取二进制图像的轮廓. 语法:
BW2 = bwmorph(BW1,operation) BW2 = bwmorph(BW1,operation,n) 举例
BW1 = imread('circles.tif');
MATLAB高级应用——图形及影像处理 324 imshow(BW1);
BW2 = bwmorph(BW1,'remove'); BW3 = bwmorph(BW1,'skel',Inf); imshow(BW2)
figure, imshow(BW3) 相关命令:
bweuler, bwperim, dilate, erode
10.bwperim
功能:计算二进制图像中对象的周长. 语法:
BW2 = bwperim(BW1,n) 举例
BW1 = imread('circbw.tif'); BW2 = bwperim(BW1,8); imshow(BW1)
figure, imshow(BW2)
附录 MATLAB图像处理命令 325
2
相关命令:
bwarea, bweuler, bwfill
11.bwselect
功能:在二进制图像中选择对象. 语法:
BW2 = bwselect(BW1,c,r,n) BW2 = bwselect(BW1,n)
[BW2,idx] = bwselect(...) 举例
BW1 = imread('text.tif'); c = [16 90 144]; r = [85 197 247];
BW2 = bwselect(BW1,c,r,4); imshow(BW1)
figure, imshow(BW2) 相关命令:
bwfill, bwlabel, impixel, roipoly, roifill
12.cmpermute
MATLAB高级应用——图形及影像处理 326 功能:调整颜色映像表中的颜色. 语法: [Y,newmap] = cmpermute(X,map) [Y,newmap] = cmpermute(X,map,index) 举例 To order a colormap by luminance, use: ntsc = rgb2ntsc(map); [dum,index] = sort(ntsc(:,1)); [Y,newmap] = cmpermute(X,map,index); 相关命令: randperm 13.cmunique
功能:查找颜色映像表中特定的颜色及相应的图像. 语法:
[Y,newmap] = cmunique(X,map) [Y,newmap] = cmunique(RGB) [Y,newmap] = cmunique(I) 相关命令:
gray2ind, rgb2ind
14.col2im
功能:将矩阵的列重新组织到块中.
语法:
A = col2im(B,[m n],[mm nn],block_type) A = col2im(B,[m n],[mm nn]) 相关命令:
blkproc, colfilt, im2col, nlfilter
15.colfilt
功能:利用列相关函数进行边沿操作. 语法:
B = colfilt(A,[m n],block_type,fun) B = colfilt(A,[m
n],block_type,fun,P1,P2,...) B = colfilt(A,[m n],[mblock nblock],block_type,fun,...) B = colfilt(A,'indexed',...) 附录 MATLAB图像处理命令 327 相关命令:
blkproc, col2im, im2col, nlfilter
16.colorbar
功能:显示颜色条.
语法: colorbar('vert') colorbar('horiz') colorbar(h) colorbar h = colorbar(...) 举例 I = imread('blood1.tif'); h = fspecial('log'); I2 = filter2(h,I); imshow(I2,[]), colormap(jet(64)), colorbar
17.conv2
功能:进行二维卷积操作. 语法:
C = conv2(A,B)
C = conv2(hcol,hrow,A) C = conv2(...,shape) 举例
A = magic(5) A =
17 24 1 8 15 23 5 7 14 16 4 6 13 20 22
3
MATLAB高级应用——图形及影像处理 328 10 12 19 21 3 11 18 25 2 9
B = [1 2 1;0 2 0;3 1 3] B = 1 2 1 0 2 0 3 1 3
C = conv2(A,B) C =
17 58 66 34 32 38 15 23 85 88 35 67 76 16
55 149 117 163 159 135 67 79 78 160 161 187 129 51 23 82 153 199 205 108 75 30 68 135 168 91 84 9 33 65 126 85 104 15 27 相关命令: filter2
18.convmtx2
功能:计算二维卷积矩阵. 语法:
T = convmtx2(H,m,n) T = convmtx2(H,[m n]) 相关命令: conv2
19.convn
功能: 计算n维卷积. 语法:
C = convn(A,B)
C = convn(A,B,shape) 相关命令: conv2
20.corr2
功能:计算两个矩阵的二维相关系数. 附录 MATLAB图像处理命令 329 语法:
r = corr2(A,B) 相关命令: std2
21.dct2
功能:进行二维离散余弦变换.
语法:
B = dct2(A)
B = dct2(A,m,n) B = dct2(A,[m n]) 举例
RGB = imread('autumn.tif'); I = rgb2gray(RGB); J = dct2(I);
imshow(log(abs(J)),[]),
colormap(jet(64)), colorbar J(abs(J) < 10) = 0; K = idct2(J)/255; imshow(K) 相关命令:
fft2, idct2, ifft2
22.dctmtx
功能:MATLAB高级应用——图形及影像处理 330计算离散余弦变换矩阵. 语法:
D = dctmtx(n) 相关命令: dct2
23.dilate
功能:放大二进制图像. 语法:
BW2 = dilate(BW1,SE)
BW2 = dilate(BW1,SE,alg) BW2 = dilate(BW1,SE,...,n) 举例
BW1 = imread('text.tif'); SE = ones(6,2);
BW2 = dilate(BW1,SE); imshow(BW1)
figure, imshow(BW2) 相关命令:
bwmorph, erode
24.dither
功能:通过抖动增加外观颜色分辨率,转换图像. 语法:
X = dither(RGB,map) BW = dither(I) 相关命令:
4
rgb2ind
25.double
附录 MATLAB图像处理命令 331 功能:转换数据为双精度型. 语法:
B = double(A) 举例
A = imread('saturn.tif'); B = sqrt(double(A)); 相关命令:
im2double, im2uint, uint8
26.edge
功能:识别强度图像中的边界. 语法:
BW = edge(I,'sobel')
BW = edge(I,'sobel',thresh)
BW = edge(I,'sobel',thresh,direction) [BW,thresh] = edge(I,'sobel',...) BW = edge(I,'prewitt')
BW = edge(I,'prewitt',thresh)
BW = edge(I,'prewitt',thresh,direction) [BW,thresh] = edge(I,'prewitt',...) BW = edge(I,'roberts')
BW = edge(I,'roberts',thresh)
[BW,thresh] = edge(I,'roberts',...) BW = edge(I,'log')
BW = edge(I,'log',thresh)
BW = edge(I,'log',thresh,sigma) [BW,threshold] = edge(I,'log',...) BW = edge(I,'zerocross',thresh,h)
[BW,thresh] = edge(I,'zerocross',...) BW = edge(I,'canny')
BW = edge(I,'canny',thresh)
BW = edge(I,'canny',thresh,sigma) MATLAB高级应用——图形及影像处理 332 [BW,threshold] = edge(I,'canny',...) 举例
I = imread('rice.tif'); BW1 = edge(I,'prewitt'); BW2 = edge(I,'canny'); imshow(BW1);
figure, imshow(BW2)
27.erode
功能:弱化二进制图像的边界. 语法:
BW2 = erode(BW1,SE)
BW2 = erode(BW1,SE,alg) BW2 = erode(BW1,SE,...,n) 举例
BW1 = imread('text.tif'); SE = ones(3,1);
BW2 = erode(BW1,SE); imshow(BW1)
figure, imshow(BW2) 相关命令:
bwmorph, dilate
附录 MATLAB图像处理命令 333
28.fft2
功能:进行二维快速傅里叶变换. 语法:
B = fft2(A)
B = fft2(A,m,n) 举例
load imdemos saturn2 imshow(saturn2)
B = fftshift(fft2(saturn2)); imshow(log(abs(B)),[]),
colormap(jet(64)), colorbar 相关命令:
dct2, fftshift, idct2, ifft2
29.fftn
功能: 进行n维快速傅里叶变换. 语法:
B = fftn(A)
B = fftn(A,siz) 相关命令: fft2, ifftn
30.fftshift
MATLAB高级应用——图形及影像处理 334 功能:把快速傅里叶变换的DC组件移到光谱中心. 语法:
B = fftshift(A) 举例
B = fftn(A);
C = fftshift(B);
5
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