《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1
7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left.
a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great
e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight
g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl
8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although
methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy
billow = wave / the sea bade = bid
12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans.
Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband
Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu
Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream
Chapter 2
1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family?
The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
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Indo-European Language Family
Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic Roumanian Hindi Breton Spanish Greek English Lithuanian Persian Scottish French Swedish
Prussian Irish Italian German Polish Portuguese Norweigian Slavenian Icelandic Russian Danish
Bulgarian Dutch 6. Here is a text chosen from the Declaration of Independence.
“When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.”
Pick out all the words of Greek or Latin origin from the text and see of what origin are the words left. What insight does this exercise give you with reference to the borrowings from Greek and Latin?
“When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.”
Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary.
8. Tell the different elements that make up the following hybrids. eventful [Latin + English] falsehood [ Latin + English] saxophone [German + Greek]
joss house [ Portuguese + English] hydroplane [Greek + Latin] pacifist [Latin + Greek]
heirloom [ French + English] television [Greek + Latin]
9. Put the following French loan words into two groups, one being early borrowings and the other late ones. amateur (late) finacé (late) empire (early) peace (E) courage (E) garage (L)
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judgement (E) chair (E) chaise (L) grace (E) servant (E) routine (L) jealous (E) savaté (L) genre (L) gender (E) début (L) morale (L) state (E) chez (L) ballet (L)
11. Match the Italian musical terms with the proper definitons. allegro, f. in fast tempo轻快
andante, j. in moderate tempo行板
diminuendo, g. decreasing in volume渐弱 largo, d. in a slow stately manner缓慢 pianoforte, a. soft and loud轻转强
alto, i. lowest singing boice for woman女低音 crescendo, b. increasing in volume渐强 forte, e. loud强 piano, h. soft轻
soprano, c. highest singing voice for women女高音
12. Look up these words in a dictionary to determine the language from which eachhas been borrowed.
cherub (Hebrew) coolie (Hindi) lasso (Sp)
shampoo (Indian) tepee (Am Ind) kibitz (G)
chipmunk (Am Ind) cotton (Arab) loot (Hindi) snorkel (G) tulip (Turk) wok (Ch)
chocolate (Mex) jubilee (Gr) Sabbath (Heb) tamale (Mex)
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voodoo (Afr) sauerbraten (G)
13. Here is a menu of loan words from various sources. Choose a word to fill in each space.
a. A crocodile much resembles an _____ in appearance.
b. “To give up a young lady like that,” said Andy. “A man would have to be plumb _____.
c. There was a big increase this summer in the number of competitors in calf roping at the annual _____ held in Three Forks.
d. This duke ranch we have developed has done well so far, but it promises next year to be a real _____ , enough to make us all rich.
e. Some Eskimos build a winter shelter from snow called an _____.
f. The Germans perfected a type of motorized attack in the Second World War that they called a _____.
g. The Algonquin Indian in eastern and central North America lived in a domed shelter they called a _____.
h. Columbus in 1493 used a Carib Indian word _____ to describe the small boats the native used.
i. In the West Indies the local name fro a violent tropical cyclone is a _____. j. The Australian aborigines use a throwing stick that they call a _____. k. “Look like rain, boy,” sang out Luke. “Better get out your _____.”
a. alligator b. loco c. rodeo d. bonanza e. igloo f. blitzkrieg g. wigwam h. canoe i. hurricane
j. boomerang k. panchos
Chapter 3
1. Write the term in the blanks accoding to the definitions. a. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ( ) b. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ( )
c. a moepheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ( ) d. a morpheme that can stand alone ( )
e. a morpheme attached to a base, stem or root ( ) f. an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ( )
g. an affix that forms new words with a base, stem or root ( ) h. what ratains of a word after the removal of all affies ( ) i. that part of a word that can take inflectional affixes ( ) j. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ( )
a. morpheme b. allomorph c. bound morpheme d. free morpheme e. affix f. informational affix g. derivational affix h. root i. stem j. base 3. individualistic
individualist + ic [stem, base] individual + ist [stem, base]
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individu + al [stem, base] in + dividu [root, stem, base]
undesirables
un + desirable [stem, base] desir + able [root, stem, base]
4. Organize the following terms in a tree diagram to show their logical relationships. affix morpheme
derivational affix free root
bound root inflectional affix prefix free morpheme bound morpheme suffix
morpheme – free morpheme = free root -- bound morpheme – bound root
-- affix – inflectional affix
-- derivational affix – prefix -- suffix Chapter 4 Affixation
5. Form negatives with each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, un-.
non-smoker disobey immature unwillingness illogical non-athletic incapable insecurity inability/disability illegal disloyal unofficially disagreement inconvenient impractical irrelevant
6. Turn the following nouns and adjectives into verbs with –en, -ify, -ize and then choose them to fill in the blanks in the sentences that follow.
harden memorize deepen lengthen fatten horrify falsify glorify intensify sympathize modernize apologize sterilize beautify
a. apologized b. beautify c. lengthening d. sympathized e. fatten f. falsify g. memorizing h. Sterilize
7. Each of the following sentences contains a word printed in italics. Complete the sentence by using this word to form a noun to refer to a person. a. If you are employed by a company, you are one of its _____. b. A _____ is someone whose job is politics.
c. The _____ in a discussion are the people who participate in it. d. A woman who works as a _____ does the same job as a waiter. e. The person who conducts an orchestra or choir is called the _____. f. Your _____ is the person who teaches you.
g. A _____ is someone who earns their living by playing the piano.
h. If someone examnines you, you are the _____ and he or she is the _____.
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