Looking at the world (mainly developed countries) technical barriers to trade, the import of products of its limited technical measures are the following:
Strict complex technical regulations and technical standards.
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In international trade, developed technical barriers to trade Countries are often international standard setters. Who by virtue of the dominance of world trade and technological advantages, the first rules of the game, forced to set up in accordance with the technical level of technical standards, the majority of economically backward countries, exporters catch. And these technical standards, technical regulations often change, and some local governments also have their own special requirements, manufacturers in developing countries are either unknown, loss, or pay a higher standard in order to meet its costs and weaken the competitiveness of products. Countries are often international standard setters. Who by virtue of the dominance of world trade and technological advantages, the first rules of the game, forced to set up in accordance with the technical level of technical standards, the majority of economically backward countries, exporters catch. And these technical standards, technical regulations often change, and some local governments also have their own special requirements, manufacturers in developing countries are either unknown, loss, or pay a higher standard in order to meet its costs and weaken the competitiveness of products.
Complex conformity assessment procedures:
Had become the trend of trade liberalization situation, quality certification and conformity assessment for the currently, the world\'s widely used quality standard ISO9000 series of standards identified. In addition, the United States, Japan, the European Union each has their technical standards.
Strict packaging, labeling rules
In order to prevent packaging waste and on the ecological environment, human and animal and plant security threat, many countries have promulgated a series of packaging and labeling laws and regulations to protect the interests of consumers and the environment. From the point of view of environmental protection and energy conservation, packaging system does have a positive effect, but it increases the cost of exporters, and the technical requirements of different countries, volatile, often changing packaging to force foreign exporters lose a lot of trade opportunities.
In today\'s international trade, technical barriers to trade not only inevitable, but will be a long time. Its impact on international trade will be increasing. Meanwhile, the community development will play a very important role. According to the State Intellectual Property Office statistics, 80% of current world trade barriers, technical barriers to trade from.
Negative impact on:
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1. A growing number of technical barriers to trade (such as the national standards regulations, technical regulations, conformity assessment procedures, etc.) impeding the free development of international trade, the world\'s resources is not conducive to the free flow and optimized allocation and import trade with the world of economic globalization breakdown , Trade liberalization and social development runs counter to the trend. This is the technical barriers to trade liberalism against main basis. For example, most of the electronics, electrical products require compliance with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Underwriters Laboratories (UL) standards and other relevant agencies; U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) requires the protection of textile label marked with the ingredients and consumers safety Commission (CPSC) requirements of fire resistance of textiles to meet the standards; U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for imported food, drugs, health products, cosmetics, cleaning supplies, medical equipment management and monitoring of the purity and labeling of goods and so demanding, in the entry of goods will be sampling; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) also called pork, poultry must undergo strict disinfection procedures. These series of standards and testing measures will undoubtedly inconvenience of international trade, while increasing the cost of imported goods.
2. Environment or people\'s health and safety, but in fact, its greater purpose is to bring the domestic traders in international trade to get more benefits. According to statistics, in the life sciences and biotechnology, information technology, new materials and other key technology areas, the Western developed countries have a number of patents, accounting for 90% of total worldwide patent, while the developing countries including China, has only about 10%. Such a large technology gap, not very long in a short period of time, the distribution of benefits of international trade will be further inclined to developed countries. Under the current system of international standards, standard setters are basically developed countries; developing countries are mostly passive recipients of the standard. While the developed countries from their own interests and skill levels are starting to develop a standard difficult to achieve in many developing countries. Therefore, the technical standards set in developed countries often use technical barriers to trade or even launch a trade war to protect their interests in international trade, and thus continue to control international trade of developing countries and occupy the dominant position. Such as frozen chicken in China in August 1996 by the EU to not prohibited from entering the grounds through quarantine until May 2001, Shanghai and Shandong fishes 14 companies in several areas of lifting the ban, loss of hundred million dollars a year; from July 2001
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